Detection and quantification of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real‐time PCR

Furunculosis, a septicaemic infection caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, currently causes problems in Danish seawater rainbow trout production. Detection has mainly been achieved by bacterial culture, but more rapid and sensitive methods are needed. A previously developed real‐time PCR assay targeting the plasmid encoded aopP gene of A. salmonicida was, in parallel with culturing, used for the examination of five organs of 40 fish from Danish freshwater and seawater farms. Real‐time PCR showed overall a higher frequency of positives than culturing (65% of positive fish by real‐time PCR compared to 30% by a culture approach). Also, no real‐time PCR‐negative samples were found positive by culturing. A. salmonicida was detected by real‐time PCR, though not by culturing, in freshwater fish showing no signs of furunculosis, indicating possible presence of carrier fish. In seawater fish examined after an outbreak and antibiotics treatment, real‐time PCR showed the presence of the bacterium in all examined organs (1–482 genomic units mg^?1). With a limit of detection of 40 target copies (1–2 genomic units) per reaction, a high reproducibility and an excellent efficiency, the present real‐time PCR assay provides a sensitive tool for the detection of A. salmonicida.     

甘蓝纤维素合成酶基因BoCesA的克隆与序列分析

为研究甘蓝纤维素合成酶BoCesA基因在干旱胁迫下的表达模式,通过同源克隆得到甘蓝纤维素合成酶基因的cDNA全长,利用生物信息学软件分析该基因的特征;构建含BoCesA和GFP的融合表达载体,通过基因枪转化洋葱表皮细胞试验对该基因进行亚细胞定位;利用荧光定量PCR分析基因在不同组织中的表达情况及干旱胁迫下的表达模式。甘蓝纤维素合成酶BoCesA基因的cDNA全长为2 721bp,编码906个氨基酸,在N端含有锌指结构域和2个跨膜区,C端含有6个跨膜区,除包含植物纤维素合成酶基因共有的保守区外,还包含2个高突变区。通过氨基酸序列比对分析,发现甘蓝的该基因与拟南芥的AtCesA3基因同源性较高。亚细胞定位表明BoCesA基因初步定位于细胞质膜上。荧光定量PCR分析表明该基因在叶中的表达量高于茎和根中的表达量,在NaCl、PEG处理下BoCesA表达量呈现先升高后下降的趋势。通过对甘蓝纤维素合成酶BoCesA基因在NaCl、PEG胁迫下的表达分析,预测该基因对干旱胁迫有响应,它的表达受干旱胁迫的影响,这为进一步研究基因功能奠定了基础。     

房地产价格、流动性关系的实证分析与中央银行政策选择

近年来,在我国流动性充裕的同时,房地产价格也屡创新高。鉴于中经网数据库尚未更新至2012年,选用2005—2011年M2与M1之差季度数据作为流动性指标,将收入作为控制变量,研究流动性对房地产价格的长短期影响。结论表明房地产价格与流动性之间确实存在长期均衡关系,即流动性充裕推动了房地产价格上涨。在短期,外生冲击导致房价偏离长期均衡趋势时,系统存在的调整功能会使房地产价格最终恢复到长期均衡。最后,就如何进行流动性管理作简要评判。     

Distribution of the neurokinin-1 receptor in equine intestinal smooth muscle

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Tachykinins have profound effects on equine intestinal motility, but the distribution of the neurokinin receptors (NKRs) through which they act is unknown. This study reports the distribution of one of these receptors, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), in smooth muscle throughout the equine intestinal tract. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the distribution of the NK1R, based upon mRNA expression, in smooth muscle of different regions of the equine intestinal tract. METHODS: Nine regions of the intestinal tract were sampled in 5 mature horses. Total RNA was isolated from smooth muscle and reverse transcribed; NK1R mRNA was then quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: NK1R mRNA was found at all levels of the sampled intestinal tract. The smooth muscle of the proximal small intestine and the ventral colon exhibited the highest level of NK1R mRNA expression in the equine intestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS: Tachykinins probably affect intestinal contractility and propulsion in the proximal small intestine and in the ventral colon.     

Asset- backed Securization--a New Way to the Solution of Finance Problem in Real Estate

In recent 30 years, the asset-backed securization is one of the most important innovations in the international finance field. It promotes the quick development of the capital market. At present, on the one hand most of the Chinese real estate development companies are lack of financial support, on the other hand, the inland commercial banks are facing great potential finance risk. In this paper, how to get rid of the current contrary situation by the financing mode of asset-backed securization is discussed.     

国外管道仿真技术发展状况

计算机仿真技术已在管道工业中的设计、运行管理和人员培训等方面得到了广泛的应用。管道仿真软件为动态水力工况分析、确定运行方案以及管道泄漏的检测和分析等提供了强有力的工具。从离线仿真和在线仿真（实时仿真）两个方面，分别介绍了国外管道仿真技术的发展及其应用，并着重介绍了在线仿真软件的各模块功能以及它们之间的联系。     

Assessing the within-herd prevalence of Coxiella burnetii milk-shedder cows using a real-time PCR applied to bulk tank milk

Thirty-seven bulk tank milk (BTM) and individual milk samples of all contributing cows were tested for Coxiella burnetii detection by a real-time PCR assay and used to assess the relationship between the BTM PCR-response and (i) the within-herd prevalence of milk-shedder cows and (ii) the proportion of heavy milk-shedder cows. The within-herd prevalence of milk-shedder cows (i) was found to be significantly higher in herds with a positive BTM and (ii) increased significantly with the estimated titre in Coxiella burnetii obtained in positive BTM. The proportion of heavy milk-shedder cows among the milk-shedder cows increased significantly with an increased estimated titre in Coxiella burnetii in positive BTM. Therefore, a real-time PCR assay applied to BTM samples collected repeatedly over time appears to be a valuable tool to assess on a larger scale the status of herds towards Coxiella shedding, and to evaluate the efficiency of control actions aimed at controlling and/or preventing Coxiella shedding in dairy herds.     

多药耐药相关蛋白2在健康和大肠杆菌感染SD大鼠肝脏和肠组织中的定位及mRNA表达水平

本研究旨在探讨多药耐药相关蛋白2(MRP2)在健康和感染大肠杆菌的SD大鼠肝脏、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠中的分布特点和mRNA表达水平.选用健康成年SD大鼠20只,随机分成健康对照组和大肠杆菌感染组,采用免疫组织化学和荧光定量PCR的方法检测了MRP2在大鼠肝脏和肠组织中的定位与表达.结果显示:MRP2在健康和感染大鼠不同组织中均有分布,主要见于肝脏的胆管面(肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜)、肝脏门静脉区和各肠段的肠黏膜层,但蛋白表达水平不同.健康组大鼠MRP2在肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜分布比门静脉区附近广泛,在肝脏毛细胆管的细胞膜和门 静脉区表达均为强阳性;在十二指肠和空肠的表达为强阳性,在回肠和结肠表达为阳性;与健康组相比,MRP2在感染组大鼠的蛋白表达水平均较弱,主要表现为十二指肠和空肠为阳性,回肠和结肠中为弱阳性,肝细胞的胆管面为阳性,肝脏门静脉区附近呈弱阳性.MRP2的mRNA在健康和大肠杆菌感染大鼠的肝脏和肠组织中均有表达,但表达水平也存在差异.与健康组大鼠相比,MRP2 mRNA表达量在大肠杆菌感染组大鼠肝脏和小肠中显著下调(P＜0.05).SD大鼠感染大肠杆菌后可引起肝脏、小肠组织中MRP2在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达下调.     

陡山灌区实时灌溉预报研究

介绍了参考作物腾发量和实际作物腾发量的实时预报及修正方法 ,结合陡山灌区实际资料 ,分别针对主要旱作物和水稻建立了实时灌溉预报模型 ,并对模型各参数进行了率定 ,特别针对参考作物腾发量预报模型中 A0 的确定进行了分析 ,给出了更合理的 A0 取值方法。基于可视化语言开发灌溉配水实时决策支持系统 ,该系统界面友好 ,操作简单 ,实用性强 ,利于推广。     

Taqman探针实时定量PCR检测猪伪狂犬病毒

选取猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)基因组中gE基因,设计特异性引物和Taqman探针,利用实时定量PCR来定量检测PRV.利用PCR技术扩增猪伪狂犬病毒gE基因80 bp片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上,阳性重组质粒命名为pgE80.pgE80质粒进行10倍系列稀释,作为荧光PCR检测的标准模板,定量拷贝数,并绘制标准曲线.以提取的PRV、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合症病毒(PRRSV)和传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)的DNA作为模板,进行特异性检测.该实时定量PCR方法,标准曲线斜率为-0.37,R2=0.992,可以检测到20个拷贝数.PRV能被扩增出S型荧光曲线,而其它病毒均未能扩出.用PRV强毒肌肉注射仔猪,定量PCR比普通PCR更能灵敏而特异地检出呼吸道排毒和血液带毒.建立的实时定量PCR方法可用于临床样品快捷、准确、方便地检测.