不同基本苗及行窝距对水稻生长和产量的影响

利用L8（4×2^4）正交试验设计,研究不同基本苗及行窝距对水稻生长和产量的影响.结果表明：基本苗以12万茎/667m2产量最高,达623.7kg/667m2,6万茎/667m2产量最低,仅559.1kg/667m2.行距25 cm的单产比行距为28.57cm的单产高46.9kg/667m2,差异达显著水平.     

基于地下水合理埋深的井渠结合灌区水资源联合调控

以泾惠渠灌区为例,针对井渠结合灌区地下水超采及地下水位上升而导致的农田灌溉水环境等问题,从水位调控水量的角度出发,提出了基于地下水位合理埋深的水资源调控模式。在确定不同水文地质单元和不同植被类型条件下地下水位合理埋深上下限的基础上,结合PSO-RBF神经网络对地下水位埋深预测的结果,设计了基本、节水两种水资源联合方案,对不同保证率下的灌区水资源进行了联合调控。结果表明:泾惠渠灌区地下水位合理埋深上限介于1.76~3.50m,下限介于8.7~25.0m,不同水文地质单元、植被类型的水位埋深上下限值差异较大;水资源联合调控时,局部地区出现地下水超采,需加强节水灌溉和多水源的联合调控。     

低比转速离心泵塑料叶轮设计

以一台低比转速离心泵铸铁叶轮水力模型为原型,将其材质替换为塑料.考虑泵效率提升和注塑工艺可行性对叶轮几何参数进行修改:减小叶轮外径,增加叶轮出口宽度;考虑塑料结构工艺对叶轮结构进行调整:后盖板外侧设置加强筋,轮毂处加铜嵌件,盖板与叶片结合处添加定位孔销和焊接用导熔线。将塑料叶轮和铸铁叶轮安装在同一泵体进行对比测试。测试结果表明:塑料叶轮设计工况点泵的效率由56%提高到60%,增加了4%,既达到国家节能效率指标,又为用户节省了用电费用。     

早稻旱育秧生长发育和产量与气象因子关系的分析

３年研究结果表明：旱育秧苗移栽后,分蘖温度低,日平均气温达到１１℃早粳１号已开始分蘖。旱育秧的主茎分蘖强,有效穗多,每穗实粒多,产量高,增产幅度达１０％左右。太阳辐射和温度对有效穗和穗粒数影响较大。梅雨初期“阴害”对早籼品种的抽穗扬花和灌浆初期危害较大。文中考虑气象和作物群体因素而建立的水稻产量统计动态模式,由有效穗、每穗粒数、空壳率和千粒重４个子模式组成,精度较高。     

连栋塑料温室GLP-728结构的力学分析和优化设计初探

连栋塑料温室结构安装安全方便,投资相对节省,在我国得到广泛地应用。该文从结构力学的角度,对杭州地区典型的连栋塑料温室GLP-728结构进行理论分析,并采用优化设计理论,借助结构有限元分析软件,在原结构的基础上优化设计出一种安全、经济的连栋塑料温室结构。优化设计后的连栋塑料温室,其横边柱、拱架和中柱的强度利用率分别提高了18%、3%和25%,纵边柱由非安全失稳利用转向稳定安全性合理利用,主体结构节省钢材3.7%。     

我国北方半干旱草原沙漠化防治中压力转移模式的检讨——以内蒙古巴林右旗为例

以内蒙巴林右旗为例,详细分析了目前我国北方半干旱草原沙漠化防治中所主要采用的几种方法——围封禁牧、生态移民、舍饲和小草库伦。提出这些方法都属“压力转移模式”,并指出了其失效的各种表现。进而通过分析我国北方半干旱草原沙漠化的主要原因和根本矛盾,指出其失效的根本原因。据此,提出要将“压力转移模式”转向“攻坚模式”才是解决问题的根本出路的见解。     

广西贺州地区温室内空气湿度时空变化研究

以温室为研究对象,探讨研究了晴天、阴天、雨天3种不同类型天气条件下温室内空气相对湿度与绝对湿度的日周期时空变化规律以及整个冬季空气相对湿度与绝对湿度的时空变化规律。为合理调控温室内空气湿度以控制作物病虫害、提高产量和改善品质提供科学依据。     

渠道边坡粘性土渗透系数的变化规律

就单向渗透固结过程中渗透系数的变化规律进行了探讨,通过对试验所测得的指标进行统计分析,得出了渗透系数k随孔隙比e变化的关系式,并对其精度进行分析。该关系式为水工建筑设计与施工提供了可参考的依据。     

1MC-70型地膜回收起茬机铲刀结构和参数确定及试验研究

通过对1MC-70型地膜回收起茬机起膜、起茬铲刀的作业情况分析，推导出铲刀满足生产要求主要参数的求取方法和公式，并经理论分析和试验研究，确定了铲刀对玉米茬地进行起膜、起茬时主要参数的取值范围和减小牵引阻力的取值规律。通过多副铲刀的对比试验，选取出对玉米茬地进行起膜、起茬作业时，性能良好，牵引阻力较小的铲刀。     

From on-farm solid-set sprinkler irrigation design to collective irrigation network design in windy areas

In this paper, a contribution to the design of collective pressurised irrigation networks in solid-set sprinkler-irrigated windy areas is presented. The methodology is based on guaranteeing minimum on-farm performance, using a historical hourly wind speed database and a ballistic solid-set irrigation simulation model. The proposed method was applied to the Montesnegros Irrigation District (central Ebro basin, Spain). The district irrigates an area of 3493 ha using an on-demand schedule. The average wind speed in the area is 2.8 m s⁻¹. An analysis of district water records showed that farmers often reduce water demand when the wind speed is high, but their irrigation decision making is limited by the capacity of the irrigation network and by the unpredictable character of local winds. Simulations were performed for 11 irrigation seasons, 2 triangular sprinkler spacings (18 m × 18 m and 18 m × 15 m), and 2 sprinkler models. The percentage of monthly suitable time for irrigation was determined for four management strategies. The first one was based on a wind speed threshold (3 m s⁻¹), while the other three were based on three levels (standard, relaxed and restrictive) of two irrigation performance parameters: the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) and the Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses (WDEL). The standard strategy classified the time as suitable for irrigation when CU ≥ 84% and WDEL ≤ 20%. The thresholds limits of the irrigation parameters for the relaxed strategy were CU ≥ 80% and WDEL ≤ 25%. Finally, the restrictive strategy used thresholds of CU ≥ 90% and WDEL ≤ 15%. The suitable time for the first strategy (56%) was always lower than for the standard and the relaxed strategies (with respective average values of 75 and 86%), and higher than for the restrictive strategy (30%). In order to design the collective network, the hydrant operating time was equalled to the suitable time for irrigation. The differences in the cost of the collective network plus the on-farm equipment were particularly relevant between the restrictive strategy and the other three. Differences in suitable operating time were clear between sprinkler spacings, and less evident between sprinkler models. The application of the proposed methodology may be limited by the availability of historical wind speed records and CU estimates for different combinations of sprinkler models, sprinkler spacings and wind speed.