刺嫩芽有性繁殖试验初报

刺嫩芽是近几年来市场上倍受人们青睐的1种森林蔬菜。在刺嫩芽野转家栽培过程中,由于种子自然萌发能力较弱,苗木供应不足,阻碍了其野转家栽培的进程。湖北省林业科学研究院鹤峰森林药材研究所经过2 a时间的研究,其结果表明:经过用醋处理了的刺嫩芽种子出苗量最多,为35株/m2,而未处理的仅为5株/m2。这一研究成果保证了刺嫩芽野转家栽培的苗木来源。     

Hormetic UV-C seed treatments for the control of tomato diseases

Hormesis is a dose response phenomenon in which low, non-damaging doses of a stressor bring about a positive response in the organism undergoing treatment. Evidence is provided here that hormetic UV-C treatments of tomato seed can control disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Treating seeds with a 4 kJ m⁻² dose of UV-C significantly reduced both the disease incidence and progression of B. cinerea, with approximately 10% reductions in both on cv. Shirley. Disease severity assays for FOL and FORL on cv. Moneymaker showed dose-dependent responses: UV-C treatments of 4 and 6 kJ m⁻² significantly reduced the disease severity scores of FOL, whilst only the 6 kJ m⁻² showed significant reductions for FORL. To determine the effects of treatment on germination and seedling growth, UV-C doses of 4, 8 and 12 kJ m⁻² were performed on cv. Shirley. No negative impacts on germination or seedling growth were observed for any of the treatments. However, the 8 kJ m⁻² treatment showed significant biostimulation, with increases in seedling, root and hypocotyl dry weight of 11.4%, 23.1% and 12.0%, respectively, when compared to the control. Furthermore, significant increases in the root-mass fraction (10.6%) and root:shoot ratio (13.1%) along with a decrease in shoot-mass fraction (2.0%) indicates that the 8 kJ m⁻² treatment stimulated root growth to the greatest extent. There was no effect on hypocotyl and primary root length or the number of lateral roots, indicating no adverse effects to basic root architecture or seedling growth.     

药剂拌种对春油菜白粉病和茎象甲的防效及对油菜产量的影响

为明确不同药剂拌种对春油菜出苗率、病虫害防效及产量的影响, 本文在3种不同种植密度下, 针对春油菜白粉病、油菜茎象甲, 选择25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC、30%噻虫嗪SC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC进行了拌种处理试验。结果表明, 各拌种处理对春油菜的出苗有一定的影响, 其中600 g/L吡虫啉SC、30%噻虫嗪SC、600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30% 噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对春油菜出苗的影响大于25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种; 600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC、30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对白粉病和茎象甲的防效均高于单剂拌种; 600 g/L吡虫啉SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种, 对春油菜白粉病的最高防效可达59.3%, 30%噻虫嗪SC+25 g/L咯菌腈FSC拌种对油菜茎象甲最高防效可达69.2%。白粉病病情指数与春油菜种植密度呈正相关, 拌种防效随密度增加而降低, 综合产量分析, 最佳种植密度为28.5万～34.5万株/hm2。     

盐胁迫对杂交稻隆两优华占及其亲本种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以杂交稻组合隆两优华占及其2个亲本隆科638S和华占为试验材料,萌发期设置6个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.2％、0.4％、0.6％、0.8％、1.0％和1.2％)和苗期设置3个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.4％、0.8％和1.2％)来模拟盐胁迫试验,以清水为对照,分析盐胁迫对杂交稻及其亲本种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,...     

花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为探讨花叶滇苦菜与常见草本花卉协同生长过程中的化感作用机制,采用培养皿生物测定法,研究了花叶滇苦菜地上部(DS)和地下部(DX)不同浓度浸提液对二月兰、石竹、观赏油菜3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理指标及相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,以期为花卉植物大规模应用及杂草生物防治提供理论依据。结果表明:花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长均呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,在5 g·L^-1时2种浸提液中促进效应最大的是二月兰,其次是石竹,均在100 g·L^-1浓度下抑制效应达最大。2种浸提液提高了3种花卉幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,二月兰、观赏油菜在50 g·L^-1时达到峰值,石竹在25 g·L^-1时达到峰值,100 g·L^-1时均高于对照组,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛含量随浸提液浓度的升高而增加。石竹种子POD活性与种子发芽率呈极显著正相关;观赏油菜POD活性与茎长和根长呈显著正相关;二月兰根长与POD、CAT...     

西北旱区大豆玉米复合种植联合播种机的设计与试验

针对西北旱区大豆玉米复合种植机具短缺、机械化程度低等问题,设计西北旱区大豆玉米复合种植联合播种机。该机由旋耕装置、起垄装置、覆土装置、施肥装置、播种装置及机架等组成,能够实现旋耕、起垄、施肥、双幅覆膜覆土、镇压及播种等多个作业过程。对播种机关键部件进行设计与分析,利用离散元模型对覆土过程进行模拟仿真,分析覆土过程中膜边膜上覆土均匀性;采用DEM-MBD对大豆玉米播种装置耦合仿真,分析大豆玉米播种装置播种均匀性。仿真结果表明：1）土壤因跳跃和泼撒而落到垄面的颗粒数≤1.3%;2）播种装置对大豆和玉米种子挤压力≤10 N,土壤颗粒对鸭嘴的阻力≤50 N。田间试验结果表明：玉米播种装置播种合格率、漏播率和重播率分别为95.63%、1.65%和2.72%,大豆播种装置播种合格率、漏播率和重播率分别为91.24%、0%和8.76%,机组作业期间运行稳定,具有良好的作业效果,满足大豆玉米带状复合种植需求。     

基于机器视觉的智能种子分选机设计

针对目前市场上种子分选装置多以传统机械式、半自动式为主,智能化程度不高、分拣准确率较低的问题,基于机器视觉技术设计一种智能种子分选机,主要由传输系统、供料系统、图像采集系统、种子筛选系统和控制系统五大部分构成。以‘郑丹958’玉米种子为研究对象,以种子气流下斜抛的水平距离和传送带传输速度为寻优条件进行试验,确定最优气泵压力值和控制器脉冲频率。对960个种子样本（优质、劣质种子分别为824和136 个）通过目标检测模型进行质量识别,判别种子质量,对种子状态进行标注框选和坐标记录。使用PLC（SIMATIC S7-200 CN,CPU224XP）分选模块控制直动式电磁阀组,对种子进行分选试验。结果表明：1）最优组合气泵压力值为0.3 MPa,控制器脉冲频率为3 175 Hz。2）优质、劣质种子识别率分别为93.69%和91.91%,种子分选率为89.6%。该分选机能够有效满足种子分选要求。     

气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器研制

针对气力式水稻精量排种器充种不稳定、单粒播种精度不高和播种量大的问题,该研究设计了一种具有矩形吸种孔和辅助充种装置的气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器。根据“吉田优”型杂交稻的长短轴重力分布情况,确定排种盘吸种孔形状;基于CFD-DEM(Computational fluid dynamics, Discrete element method)流固耦合理论,以吸附力为指标,进行5类具有相同面积的吸种孔单因素仿真试验,确定吸附力最大的吸种孔规格为0.8 mm×2.25 mm;以该型吸种孔为基础,选取辅助充种角、工作转速和工作负压为试验因素,以单粒率S、多粒率M和漏播率L为试验指标,开展Box-Bhnken台架试验,对试验结果进行响应曲面分析和多目标优化,得到排种盘辅助充种角为80.90°、工作转速为42.65 r/min、工作负压为621 Pa时,排种器的单粒率为86.91%,漏播率为3.63%。验证试验结果的排种器单粒率为86.36%、漏播率为3.41%,与优化结果吻合。研究结果可为后续气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器的优化设计和直播机整机作业精度的提高提供指导。     

Effect of fermentation on the nutritive value of sesame seed meal in the diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

Six isonitrogenous (350 g kg⁻¹ crude protein) and isoenergetic (17573 kJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets incorporating raw and fermented sesame ( Seasamum indicum ) seed meal at 200, 300, and 400 g kg⁻¹ into a fishmeal based diet were fed to rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings for 60 days and the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the fish was studied. The antinutritional factor phytic acid, from raw sesame seed meal, could be reduced below detection limit by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ). Fermentation of the oilseed meal resulted in reduction of the tannin content from 20 to 10 g kg⁻¹. In terms of growth response, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio, a diet containing 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented sesame seed meal resulted in a significantly ( P  < 0.01) best fish performance. In general, growth and feed utilization efficiencies of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets were superior to those fed raw oilseed meal diets. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) values decreased with increasing levels of raw oilseed meal. APD was, however, significantly ( P  < 0.01) higher at all levels of incorporation of fermented sesame seed meal, while diets containing raw oilseed meal resulted in poor protein and lipid digestibility. Carcass protein and lipid contents of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets increased with increasing level of incorporation, being highest with 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented oilseed meal-containing diet. The results showed that sesame seed meal may be incorporated in carp diets up to 200 g kg⁻¹ and 400 g kg⁻¹ in raw and treated (fermented) forms respectively.     

九孔鲍北方青苗及生长的探讨

探讨了九孔鲍(Haliotisdiversicolorsuertexta)在北方自然繁殖季节育苗的条件、发育时间和生长速度。2004年8月1日,用紫外线照射海水诱导产卵和人工授精的九孔鲍受精卵,经过60天培育,获6～12mm的幼鲍50万只。