杉木种子园无性系球果及其种子分布特征

以崇阳杉木无性系球果为试验材料进行了球果形态及其种子分布特征研究,结果表明种子园杉木球果直径、球果长、包鳞数、包鳞宽、包鳞长、种子总数、饱满种子数、空粒、涩粒及千粒重依次为26 53mm、30mm、52 30片、12 45mm、14 86mm、72 90粒、17 73粒、19 72粒、35 33粒及9 41g 相关分析表明,球果直径与长度、各类种子之间、及包鳞特征值之间相关系数较大,并达到显著性水平,杉木球果形态特征及其种子分布无性系间均存在极显著差异,说明杉木种子园无性系构成对种子园的产量有重要的影响 旋转因子分析表明杉木球果及其种子分布等10个变量可用3个主成分因子来表示,即反映包鳞特征的第1主成分、反映球果大小与种子特征的第2主成分及反映种子特征的第3主成分,3个主成分累积贡献率为56 298% 以单个球果生产的饱满种子数进行Hierarchical聚类分析将所研究的无性系球果分为4类,即单个球果生产饱满种子数多、较多、较少与少4类无性系     

Eastern little tuna,Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) mature and reproduce within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks

Eastern little tuna (ELT, Euthynnus affinis) is expected to see use as a novel aquaculture species due to its rapid growth and high economic value. In this study, closing of the complete life cycle of ELT in land‐based tanks was successfully carried out. Seed production of a first generation (F1) derived from wild‐caught ELT broodstock was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Survival percentages of F1 ELT at 365 days post hatching for the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 0.9%, 0.4% and 6.3% respectively. On average, F1 ELT were approximately 40 cm in total length and weighed 1500 g by the time they reached 1 year of age. Successful artificial induction of spawning was achieved in 1‐year‐old F1 ELT using a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Induction of spawning was successful at the first administration of GnRHa in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes. First spawning was observed at 4 or 5 days post implantation, which indicated that oogenesis and spermatogenesis progressed within 1 year of rearing in land‐based tanks. During spawning periods, the average number of fertilized eggs and the average number of hatched larvae per spawning event in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 year classes were 20,480 eggs day^?1 and 177 larvae day^?1, 39,423 eggs day^?1 and 9347 larvae day^?1, and 819,555 eggs day^?1 and 674,445 larvae day^?1 respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that both male and female ELT reared in land‐based tanks were capable of reproduction at 1 year of age.     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON NICKEL ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COFFEE PLANTS DURING FRUIT DEVELOPMENT

Nutritional and physiological significance of micronutrients in coffee plants, especially with regard to nickel (Ni) is still unknown. The dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and Ni accumulation in coffee fruits, as well as their relationships with total soluble protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, and starch content during coffee fruit development (green, ripe, and dry fruits), were investigated. Coffee trees received three N fertilizer rates (0, 150, and 300 kg of N ha^?1) as ammonium sulfate split into three applications per year. Nitrogen fertilization increased reducing sugars and starch concentrations in ripe fruits. In contrast, green fruits showed the highest amino acid and Ni concentrations. Fruit Ni concentration decreased in both green and ripe fruits as N rates increased; thus, indicating the possibility of either a N-associated dilution effect on Ni concentration or that Ni uptake by roots and/or transport to developing fruit was limiting. Plant nutritional status and fruit development stage influenced the coffee grain chemical composition. Furthermore, the variation in reducing sugars and starch content was more closely linked to the stage of fruit development than to N supply. A supposed relationship among the decreased of caffeine, starch, amino acids, and proteins with Ni content during green fruit development suggests a fundamental role for Ni in coffee fruit ripening. The interaction between N and Ni metabolism during fruit ripening might influence the chemical parameters involved in the coffee grain quality. This is the first report documenting changes in Ni concentrations of coffee fruit as a function of N fertilization rates and the development stage, but further research is needed to better understand the significance of N-Ni interaction in developing coffee fruit.     

马铃薯脱毒苗剪尖次数对合格薯的影响

[目的]探索马铃薯移栽脱毒苗合适的剪尖次数。[方法]对移栽后的马铃薯脱毒苗分别进行01、2、3、4、、5、6次剪尖处理,考察脱毒马铃薯产量、合格薯率及植株性状。[结果]随着剪尖次数的增加,马铃薯合格薯产量降低,不剪尖处理合格薯率最高,为90.5﹪,产合格薯246.0粒/m2;剪尖1次产合格薯239.5粒/m2,不剪尖处理比剪尖1次处理增产2.84%,2个处理间差异不显著;不剪尖处理与剪尖2次及2次以上处理产量差异极显著。地上部植株高度、茎粗、分枝数均是随着剪尖次数的增多而降低。[结论]在网棚内生产马铃薯原原种,对脱毒苗可以进行不剪尖或1次剪尖扦插。     

杭白芍结实性状及籽油品质分析

分析杭白芍结实性状及其籽油品质,为芍药籽油专用品种培育及籽油开发利用提供理论参考。对杭白芍的结实性状相关性和籽油理化性质进行测试和分析,结果表明：（1）单心皮种子数和心皮长均与单株产量呈极显著正相关,蓇葖果数与单株产量呈显著正相关,分株数与单株产量呈显著负相关;主成分分析表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率达88.8768%。（2）籽油测试结果表明,种子含油率21.31%,油酸40.56%,亚油酸29.16%,亚麻酸22.11%,籽油不饱和脂肪酸91.83%,维生素E含量79.64 mg/100 g。因此,在选育高产品系时要重点关注单心皮种子数、心皮长和蓇葖果数等性状指标。杭白芍籽油具有较高的食用价值,可以作为一种新型的油料作物,具备深入研究推广的价值。     

“CCS种动源”处理对南瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

【目的】研究“CCS(China Construction Seed)种动源能量波种子处理技术”对南瓜种子生长、产量和品质的影响,筛选处理南瓜种子的最适方法。【方法】以南瓜品种“银冠”为材料,分别设置12、24、36 h的不浸种处理以及浸种8 h后处理12 h,共计4个处理。分析不同处理对南瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。【结果】T₂处理(不浸种处理24 h)和T₃处理(不浸种处理36 h)的南瓜生长期间的株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)指标优于对照处理,果肉中干物质含量、可溶性糖和淀粉含量与对照无明显差异,产量与对照相比分别提高了20.89 %和21.99 %。【结论】使用“CCS种动源”技术处理南瓜种子24和36 h,在保证南瓜品质的前提下,提高南瓜产量具有明显效果。     

盐生植物种子异型性研究进展

种子异型性指植物在长期进化中,同一植株上产生多种在形态(颜色、质量)和结构(散布结构)及萌发、休眠特性等方面存在明显差异的种子.种子异型性现象在盐生植物中较为常见,多分为褐色和黑色种子,通常前者不休眠,萌发快,萌发率高,耐盐性强:后者休眠,萌发慢,萌发率低,耐盐性弱.盐生植物种子异型性是其对环境适应的重要特性,同时对种群的建立和繁衍有着重要的生态学意义.基于前人的研究对盐生植物异型性种子的形态结构及萌发、耐盐与休眠、产生机制及生态学意义等方面进行了综合论述,以期为相关研究提供参考.     

胁迫对菜用大豆种子抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响

采用蛭石栽培,在100 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下,对耐盐性不同的两个菜用大豆［Glycine max (L.)Merr.］品种种子的过氧化氢（H2O2）含量及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环进行了研究。结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著增加了菜用大豆种子的H2O2含量,但耐盐品种 绿领特早的增幅低于盐敏感品种理想高产95-1。NaCl胁迫期间,绿领特早种子中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性,AsA、GSH含量以及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值的增幅高于同期的理想高产95-1,或降幅低于同期的理想高产95-1; 脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量的增幅低于同期的理想高产95-1。表明 绿领特早种子在胁迫期间能够保持较高的AsA-GSH循环效率,可有效地抑制H2O2的积累,这可能是其耐盐性较强的重要原因之一。     

Effects of gibberellin A<Subscript>4/7</Subscript>, 6-benzylaminopurine and chlormequat chloride on the number of male and female strobili and immature cones in Chinese pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabuliformis</Emphasis>) with foliar sprays

Three kinds of plant growth regulators, gibberellinA 4/7 (GA 4/7 ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and chlormequat chloride (CCC), were evaluated for their ability to promote strobilus and cone production in a Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) clonal seed orchard. Treatments (0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg L -1 ) were applied during three periods (June- July, July-August and August-September) in 2005. Of the three plant growth regulators, GA 4/7 was the best for promoting flower and cone production. Trees sprayed...     

浅谈种子销售与服务相关性的实践

随着种子市场的开放,使我国种子永远告别了短缺经济,种子市场已进入了供大于求的买方市场,营销领域的竞争将日趋激烈。面对种子的同质化、营销的战国化、品牌的近似化,一方面多数种子企业生存压力越来越大;另一方面种子用户满意度越来越低。如何突破这个"瓶颈",笔者认为实施服务营销已成为种子企业营销重中之重。