我国农业机械的推广与对策研究

新时期下,由于我国宣传推广的力度不够、当地基层群众综合素养不高、机械使用不当等原 因并没有形成使用农业机械进行耕作的习惯,在我国西南部、东南部等丘陵地带,仍然采用牛拉车等 较为落后的耕作方式,从而导致农业机械化带来的提高种植效率,本文目重点就我国的农业机械推广 存在的问题进行概述,并提出相关对策。     

Marketing mix for the promotion of biological control among small-scale paddy farmers

Understanding farmers’ decision process on the adoption of biological control (BC) may help in promoting adoption. This study explored for the first time the impact of marketing mix elements (product, price, promotion, and place) on bolstering BC for the management of rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) among rice farmers in Fuman County in northern Iran. Farmers using BC were familiar with this method primarily via village councils and rural municipality organizations (Dehyaris) and then via distributors of trichocards. Almost half of the farmers (48.3%) had weak to moderate level of contact with distributors of trichocards. All four elements (4Ps) of marketing mix (product, place, price, and promotion) were effective on the marketing of BC agents. Place (distribution) mix, followed by price mix, were the most important factors in marketing trichocards in farmers’ views. According to the sensitivity to 4Ps of marketing mix, most farmers were grouped as semi-sensitive (45.6%) and sensitive (39.4%). Overall, the availability of biological agent products in the market, the affordable price of the products, and the strong relationship of rural people with village councils and rural municipality organizations (Dehyaris) are crucial factors for BC promotion in paddy fields of Fuman.     

Combining endophytic fungi and bacteria for the biocontrol of Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne and for effects on plant growth

Eight endophytic fungal and bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against Radopholus similis were evaluated in vivo for their individual and combined effects on biocontrol of R. similis and on the growth of “Grand Naine” cultivar banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Penetration efficiency (PE) of R. similis was between 3 and 21% in 29 biological agents (BAs) treatments, less than the 29% of the nematode-alone control (p ≤ 0.0001); 24 of the BAs treatments did not differ from the PE of 5% for a nematicide control. Twenty nine BAs treatments exhibited antagonistic activity against nematodes which reduced final population levels between 18 and 93%, relative to those on nematode-alone control plants (p ≤ 0.0001), and 14 BAs treatments were statistically similar to the nematicide treatment (88% reduction). Twenty four BAs treatments had increments of plant root biomass ranging from 20 to 58%, greater than the control plants; 37% of the treatments with single and combined BAs inoculations had root length increments ranging from 29 to 54% compared with control and chemical treatment. The nematicide, Terbufos 10GR, did not affect plant growth.     

等离子体种子处理技术的试验及应用

等离子体种子处理技术是一项农业新技术。以玉米和水稻为例,验证等离子体种子处理技术的实际效果。试验结果表明：水稻和玉米种子经过处理后,最高增产分别达到106．0kg／667m^2、125．0kg／667m^2,且作物长势旺盛,基本不发生病虫害,减少了农药支出,有利于农业生态环境的保护,具有良好的经济效益和享十会效益,     

法库县玉米全程机械化技术的推广与应用

介绍法库县玉米全程机械化的发展情况、技术特点以及整地、播种、中耕、收获等主要环节的技术规范．并将实施玉米生产机械化的地块与传统耕作地块进行了试验对比,表明玉米全程机械化生产技术具有节种、节肥、省工、节支、增产的效果。针对玉米全程机械化的薄弱环节,剖析了玉米收获环节发展滞后的原因,提出了解决问题的对策。     

鞍山市玉米收获机械化推广制约因素及建议

玉米收获机械化是鞍山玉米全程机械化的薄弱环节。近年来,由于增加玉米机械化方面的投入和实施农机购置补贴政策,激发了农民购买大型农业机械的积极性,推动了全市玉米机械化的发展。介绍鞍山市玉米收获机械发展现状,分析推广玉米收获机过程中存在的问题,并提出解决问题的具体措施。     

印度梨形孢真菌促进芝麻生长并提高芝麻抗旱性

将印度梨形孢（Piriformospora indica,Pi）真菌接种芝麻幼苗根部,分别在大田及温室条件下研究供试真菌对芝麻生长和抗旱性的效应。大田试验主要调查产量性状,温室试验在芝麻初花期进行15d的持续干旱处理,测定株高等形态性状、过氧化氢酶活性等生理指标。结果表明,接种及未接种Pi真菌的芝麻植株在干旱处理前后叶长、叶宽差异达到极显著水平,株高、全展叶片数、基部茎粗、叶绿素含量、根颈粗差异达到显著水平;在人工干旱胁迫条件下,接种Pi真菌后芝麻植株能维持较高的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和较高含量的脯氨酸（Pro）,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量,从而减轻干旱胁迫伤害。在千粒重及单株籽粒重两个产量性状上,大田和温室接种的芝麻与未接种的差异均达到显著水平。接种Pi真菌不仅能促进芝麻的生长,而且在干旱条件下,使得芝麻表现出较强的抗旱性,显著提高芝麻产量。     

云南省甘蔗收获机械推广难点及策略分析

根据云南省推广甘蔗收获机械的实际情况,从农户层面探究推广中存在的主要问题,分析宣传推广效果不佳的具体原因,从多个角度提出增强推广应用效果的可行性建议,为促进甘蔗收获机械在云南地区的应用提供参考。