Design for Precision Measurement System Based on Machine Vision

It is difficult to measure the geometric quantity of small parts in finishing, assembling and measuring, because it's easy to break the workpieces' surface and alter their position by means of traditional contact measuring methods.There are some non contact measurers, such as,light feeler pin and interference microscope etc., because of it's high price and strict working conditions,so it's difficult to promote them in widely use. Precision measurement system based on machine vision has the advantages of non contact measuring as well as high performance and low price. Some problems, such as light source, algorithm of edge fitting, auto focusing,are discussed.     

Experimental Research on High-strength Inorganic Anchoring Material

A new type of inorganic anchoring material is developed as a substitution for anchoring adhesive to overcome some imperfections in the process of planting reinforcing steel bar.The mix proportion of the anchoring material is determined by experiments.The compressive strength,adhesive force to concrete,volume stability and anchoring force with steel bar are studied.The early strength of the anchoring inorganic material is quite high: for 1d up to 38.5MPa and 3d up to 60MPa.It is a good adhesive to concrete and the adhesive strength of 28d is about 2MPa.The anchoring material will have tiny volume expansion with the age,which is beneficial to enhancing the anchoring force.The essential component of the inorganic anchoring material is cement-based material,so some defects of the organic macromolecular material can be avoided,such as poor stability and requirement for vigorous construction conditions.Its characteristics in early strength,adhesive force to concrete and volume expansion can satisfy the requirement of the construction to the planting reinforcing steel bar and the loading force,thus it can be used as a substituting material for anchoring adhesive.     

Optimum Planting System for Energy Saving and Healthy Demanded

It is proved that planting is effective to improve environment both indoor and outdoor resulted from the functions of plants to clean air and save energy. So the contradiction between saving energy and comfort,healthy demanded by people can be solved by planting. The planting have being emphasized and expanded during recent years,but in the planting plan,just the function of beautifying the environment is concerned and the function of ecological and saving energy are neglected. The analysis on the ooptimum system of planting is to make the planting system as an organic composition in the effectiveness structure and space layout of the city. Based on the study on equivalent relation of different effects on environment, the optimum system of planting structure will be determined in order to achieve the integrated effects of planting on environment.     

北方粳稻“植生带”育秧设备定向排种装置的研制

为满足超级稻每穴(2±1)粒种子精量播种的特殊农艺要求,在纸夹定位水稻精密育秧设备研究基础上,研发出一种新型超级稻定向排种装置。初步排种试验表明,该装置可将种箱中杂乱无章的稻种分离出来后,在组合滑道上逐渐沿其长轴方向排列成连续的种子流,为超级稻植生带育秧设备的研制提供理论与实践依据。     

走系统工程之路加快玉米联合收获发展步伐

对玉米联合收获机推广应用较多的山东、山西及河北等省的玉米联合收获机试验情况进行了研究分析．其结果表明，影响玉米联合收获机推广的诸多因素中，最为关键的因素就是行距的适应性问题。为此，结合小麦联合收获机推广经验，指出了加快玉米联合收获机推广应用速度的关键是实现玉米生产过程机械化，而在小麦玉米一年两熟地区则要从小麦的种植规格入手，即实现小麦玉米全过程的机械化；并将系统工程的方法运用于种植收获的全过程，真正实现优质与高效的现代化农业生产。     

双环带种肥穴播器的设计

针对目前穴播机械的现状,设计了一种新型的双环带种肥穴播器,介绍了其基本结构和工作原理.从结构上分析了种肥穴播合理性,并推导出了穴播器的入土端方程.试验证明,机速在1.0m/s时,该穴播器投放种子与肥料可靠,穴粒数、穴距和播深合格率都能满足要求.鸭嘴强制后开式设计有效解决了堵土问题,播种精度较高,可广泛应用于花生、棉花、玉米与小麦等农作物的播种.     

播种检测技术的研究进展与趋势

播种作业过程中,一旦出现播种异常现象应能及时报警,并检测出故障的性质和位置,以便机手排除故障,提高播种机的播种质量。要实现这一目的,就必须对播种性能施全程监控。为此,介绍了播种检测技术发展概况,指出了提高精密播种机田间播种质量的关键问题,分析了播种检测技术的发展趋势。     

湖南省水稻种植环节的机械化选择

目前湖南水稻生产机械化的发展势头喜人,但其种植环节的机械化发展较慢,水平还很低,成为水稻生产机械化最突出、最薄弱的环节,是提高水稻综合生产能力的重点和难点,也是各级农机管理、推广部门一直以来不断研究、探索、寻求解决的重要课题.为此,概述了湖南省水稻种植机械化发展历史,分析了当前抛秧、直播、插秧三种方式的利弊,因此区域水稻生产的特点,决定其在今后一段时间内,不论是哪种种植方式都不可能完全淘汰,想用其中任何一种方式包打天下,都是不现实的.但因水稻机械化插秧技术具有省工节本,减轻劳动强度;增产、增效;避病避虫;高产稳产的优势,从长远发展来看,机械化插秧代替人工将势在必行.     

基于BAS-PID控制的精准变量施药系统仿真与试验

精准变量施药技术是精准农业的重要内容之一,为解决当前常用的变量施药方式存在的控制精度低、超调量大等不足,提出将天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)算法与常规PID控制结合形成BAS-PID控制算法,用于变量施药系统控制。首先建立施药控制系统机理模型并基于Matlab平台进行软件仿真,仿真试验结果表明,BAS-PID算法的超调量为0.024 1,绝对误差为1.14%,均低于常规PID和模糊PID,控制效果更好。在吉林农业大学试验田进行了田间施药试验,根据试验数据分析,BAS-PID、模糊PID以及常规PID的平均施药误差分别为0.016 L/min、0.020 L/min、0.238 L/min,平均超调量分别为0.006 L/min、0.016 L/min、0.238 L/min。BAS-PID控制算法的施药误差仅在0.01~0.02 L/min内,误差范围小,总体而言,该算法的施药误差和平均超调量都低于模糊PID和常规PID,系统应用效果好。试验结果表明:本文提出的BAS-PID算法提高了PID算法的参数适用性,施药控制精度高,超调量小,改善了变量施药系统的施药效果,可为推动精准变量施药技术的发展提供新的技术方案。     

垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素的试验研究

在垄膜沟种农田进行了涌泉灌灌水试验，通过对水流推进过程观测，分析了田面水流运动特性，研究了沟宽对田间灌水均匀度的影响，并对垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素进行了探讨。结果表明，涌泉灌田面水流推进曲线可用幂函数表示。随着沟宽的增大，灌水均匀度呈下降趋势。从灌水质量和管网成本两方面综合考虑，试验条件下灌水技术要素的入沟流量、沟宽和灌水器间距分别以80～100L/h、20-30cm和4～5m为宜。