西北灌区薯/豆连续套作对系统产量及土壤肥力的影响

探求马铃薯/大豆连续套作下复合群体产量优势,为实现持续高产的生产目标提供理论和技术依据。2011-2014年,在西北沿黄灌区会宁县郭城镇,选用马铃薯品种克新4号和大豆品种冀豆17作为试验材料,设置马铃薯连作(PM)、大豆连作(SM)、薯-豆轮作(P-S)、薯/豆套作连作(IC)和薯/豆套作轮作(IR)5种种植方式开展大田定位试验,研究不同种植模式连续种植4年对系统产量及产量构成的影响,分析系统生产力及土壤肥力的变化特点,进而揭示薯/豆套作系统的生产价值。结果表明, 1)薯/豆套作具有明显的产量优势,4年间,IC和IR系统产量与连作相比,分别提高了28.54%~254.07%和39.39%~283.98%,与轮作相比,分别提高了57.51%和70.81%。2011和2012年,IC与IR系统产量间差异不显著,但IC和IR与PM、SM、P-S处理间系统产量差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),2013和2014年IR系统产量均最高,分别达到9912.79和9589.90 kg/hm²,较IC处理分别提高了15.38%和8.45%,且与其他处理间均差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。2)不同种植模式在年际间变化显著,对于PM,2012年(连作1年)与2011年(正茬)产量差异不显著,而2013年(连作2年)和2014年(连作3年)产量较2011年分别下降了22.07%和42.11%;SM和IC变化趋势与PM表现一致,连作2年后,降幅分别为31.15%~53.60%和13.91%~24.17%;对于P-S和IR而言,年际间系统产量无显著变化。3)不同种植模式对耕层土壤肥力性质指标的影响程度是:有效磷>碱解氮>全氮>全磷>速效钾>有机质>全钾>pH。较PM、SM和P-M,IC和IR连续套作4年,耕层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈下降趋势,尤其是有效磷和速效钾,下降幅度分别达到26.24%~42.87%和18.48%~30.22%。马铃薯和大豆连作2年后产量显著下降,薯/豆连续套作4年(IC或IR),相对于连作或轮作具有明显的生产力优势,尤其是薯/豆套作轮作模式,基于养分吸收量的增加和养分利用效率的提高,连续4年系统产量相对稳定。     

Fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss

The present study aimed to investigate the fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss during storage. The samples were taken from Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 100). Fifteen muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate the histological characteristics at 0 and 72 h of storage time. The statistical analysis revealed that a high drip loss group had greater endomysium thickness than a low drip loss group at 0 h of storage time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total number of fibers, fiber diameter, fiber area and perimysium thickness at 0 h of storage time (P > 0.05). At 72 h of storage time, a high drip loss was evident in higher total number of fibers (P < 0.01), but smaller fiber diameter (P < 0.05), fiber area (P < 0.01) and endomysium thickness (P < 0.01) than a low drip loss group. There was no significant difference in perimysium thickness (P > 0.05). In conclusion, drip loss might be affected by muscle structural characteristics during storage.     

Epidemiology of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs

BACKGROUND: Although the histopathologic features of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) have been described previously, little information is available concerning the signalment, geographic distribution, seasonal onset, treatment, and survival of affected dogs. ANIMALS: Sixty Pugs with NME and 14 contemporaneous control Pugs with other intracranial diseases (non-NME group). METHODS: Pugs that were euthanized or died because of intracranial disease were prospectively obtained. All dogs had necropsy, histopathology, and testing for various infectious diseases and were subsequently divided into NME and non-NME groups. Signalment, geographic distribution, seasonal onset, treatment, and survival were compared between groups. RESULTS: In Pugs with NME, median age at onset of clinical signs was 18 months (range, 4-113 months). A greater proportion of female dogs were present in the NME group (40/60) compared with the control group (6/14). Pugs with NME had a significantly lower mean weight (7.81 kg) than control Pugs (9.79 kg) (P= .012). Mean survival in Pugs with NME was 93 days (range, 1-680 days), with dogs receiving any form of treatment living significantly longer than those that were not treated (P= .003). Anticonvulsive drugs were the only treatment significantly associated with longer survival (P= .003). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: NME appears to be a common cause of intracranial signs in Pugs, based on the high proportion of NME dogs reported in this population. Pugs with NME are most commonly young adult female dogs. Although further investigation is needed to determine the optimal treatment of NME, anticonvulsive drugs appear to beneficially affect duration of survival.     

不同屠宰方式对猪肉品质的影响

选用不同致晕、放血法及烫毛方法对140头杜长大和杜大长三元杂商品猪进行屠宰,测定其肌肉的肉色、pH值、剪切力、失水率等指标。结果表明：在其他条件相同的情况下,烫毛水温为60℃时,烫毛6min,胴体质量最佳。电击致晕生猪,采用悬挂放血,有出现PSE猪肉的倾向;而CO2致晕生猪,采用水平放血或悬挂放血,肉质指标差异不显著。较好的组合是：电击致晕生猪,采用水平放血;而CO2致晕生猪,采用悬挂放血较好。     

Research and Application of Decision - making System in Mine Fire

主要介绍了矿井火灾决策系统的组成及应用。矿井火灾决策系统能大大节省灾变时期的反应时间,为企业在第一时间采取果断措施尽可能消除或减少火灾损失争取宝贵的时间,对于矿井火灾的防治具有重要的意义。     

Soleris微生物实时光电法与平板计数法测定生乳中菌落总数的比较研究

建立Soleris微生物实时光电检测法检测生乳中菌落总数的快速测定方法,并将该方法与国标的平板计数法进行比较。结果表明：Soleris法检测生乳中菌落总数的标准曲线为y=－0.651 5x＋8.263 9（y为菌落总数（lg（CFU/mL））,x为胶体栓变色时间（h））,相关系数R2=－0.939 6,表明标准曲线相关性良好;重复性实验结果的相对标准偏差均小于5%;Soleris法与平板计数法测定结果的比较表明,2 种方法之间没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。在本研究的实验条件下,Soleris法检测生乳中     

无透明带体细胞核移植研究进展

目前,体细胞核移植主要还是沿用Willadsen发明的显微操作的去核、注核、融合和激活来完成。由于其核移植效率较低,且对仪器设备和技术人员的要求较高,因此,简化并建立一套更适合于生产条件下的体细胞核移植程序,从而提高核移植效率一直是人们所不懈努力的。作者就无透明带核移植技术和单个胚胎培养系统作一介绍。     

水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿根系吸水与光合特性的影响

变水条件下(利用PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫48 h,ψs=0.2MPa,之后复水48 h),测定紫花苜蓿(Medicago sattva L,品种阿尔冈金和陇东苜蓿)幼苗根系水力学导度与光合参数变化规律,旨在研究变水条件下紫花苜蓿光合作用的响应机制、植株水分吸收能力的变化规律及地上与地下部可能的相关关系.结果表明:干旱胁迫使得紫花苜蓿根系水力学导度(Lpr)受到显著影响.随着水分胁迫时间的延长,根系吸水能力呈现快速--缓慢下降趋势,即根系水力学导度逐渐下降,气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)和叶片水势亦随之而显著降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)先随之降低但最终上升而累积.复水后,根系水导呈现缓慢--慢速的恢复趋势,Pn、Gs、Tr、叶片水势随着根系水导速率的增加而逐渐恢复;Ci则随复水时间的延长而逐渐下降.但各参数除Ci外,均没有恢复到胁迫前水平.紫花苜蓿根系水导与光合参数在复水后的恢复程度说明,紫花苜蓿对干旱逆境的抵御与适应能力相对较弱,但陇东苜蓿对水分胁迫的忍耐能力强于阿尔冈金.     

牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用的研究

在查阅大量牧草抗旱性鉴定指标研究资料的基础上,应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ模型,ＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒ－ａｒｃｈｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）理论,根据专家咨询系统的反馈信息,对所选择的６类抗旱性鉴定指标及其２１个指标变量,进行比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标变量在牧草抗旱性综合评价体系中的权重及重要程度次序。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。