Study on Computer 3D-Reconstruction Algorithm of the Contour Points Matching Interpolation for Serial Cross Images

A computer 3D-reconstruction algorithm was proposed for serial cross images,which is called contour points matching interpolation algorithm. The intermediate contours betweentwo neighbouring contours are preduced by contour points matching interpolation to form 3D-shapeof the reconstructed object. This algorithm is simple and can be easily implemented. Its advantagesare fast speed and strong adaptability for medical serial cross images 3D-reconstruction. Experi-ments show that the results are satisfactory.     

基于SupReMe影像重建和RF的玉米冠层LAI反演

针对Sentinel-2卫星影像拥有3个对植被生长状况非常敏感、空间分辨率为20m的红边波段（705、740、783nm）,其空间分辨率与可见光和近红外波段10m的空间分辨率不一致,使Sentinel-2影像应用受到限制的问题,基于多光谱多分辨率估计的超分辨率（Super-resolution for multispectral multiresoltion estimation, SupReMe）算法将空间分辨率20m的6个波段重建为10m;以重建后的影像为数据源,耦合PROSAIL辐射传输模型和随机森林模型反演玉米冠层叶面积指数（LAI）,并以野外实测LAI验证其反演精度。结果表明,采用SupReMe算法对Sentinel-2影像进行重建后,在保持光谱特性不变的同时提高了影像的空间细节;基于重建影像和原始影像的LAI反演决定系数R2分别为0.70、0.68,均方根误差RSME分别为0.240、0.262。研究表明,利用SupReMe算法重建后的Sentinel-2卫星影像,能够在提高玉米冠层LAI反演空间分辨率的同时提高反演精度,在挖掘高分辨率农作物生长信息方面具有很大潜力。     

基于车载三维激光雷达的玉米点云数据滤波算法

为支持表型参数测量和数字植物相关研究,对车载三维激光雷达获取的玉米点云数据进行分析处理,提出了一种基于统计分析的两次滤波算法。以大喇叭口期的京农科728和农大84玉米为研究对象,使用VLP-16型三维激光雷达采集田间玉米点云数据;对点云数据进行直通滤波预处理,去除无关点后,进行第1次点云数据滤波处理,设置精确率和召回率阈值,选取参数组合;再对点云进行第2次滤波处理,确定精确率和召回率最优组合(110,0. 9)、(6,1. 2),边际组合(100,1. 0)、(6,1. 2)和(110,0. 8)、(5,0. 9),共3组参数组合;以3组验证集数据进行测试,结果表明:最优组合性能最优,可在京农科728和农大84玉米点云数据滤波中通用。     

基于结构光三维点云的棉花幼苗叶片性状解析方法

针对传统的棉花叶片表型测量方法主观、低效,对复杂性状如卷叶程度、黄叶占比等很难量化的问题,提出一种基于结构光三维成像的棉花幼苗叶片性状解析方法。首先,采用结构光扫描仪获取棉花幼苗的三维点云数据;然后,利用直通滤波、超体聚类、条件欧氏距离算法,实现叶片点云的识别与分割;最后,基于分割的叶片点云,采用三角面片化、随机采样一致性、Lab颜色分割等处理,实现叶片面积、周长、生长角度、卷曲度、黄叶占比等参数的快速、准确、无损提取。对40株棉花幼苗进行三维结构光成像试验,结果表明,3D叶片面积、周长测量的平均绝对误差分别为2. 59%、2. 85%,具有较高的测量精度,还证明叶片卷曲度和黄叶占比能显著区分病叶和正常叶。     

基于PhotoScan的径流小区三维重建参数优化

提高径流小区数字地面模型精度是应用三维重建技术研究面蚀细沟间与细沟侵蚀过程的关键。以位于黑龙江省海伦市的中国科学院海伦水土保持监测研究站的裸地小区为研究对象,以验证点与控制点误差比和数字高程模型（Digital elevation model,DEM）误差为指标,优化Agisoft PhotoScan三维重建径流小区的处理参数,降低DEM误差。PhotoScan的精度参数和相机模型设置对DEM误差有较大影响。优化后的验证点与控制点误差比降低35%,改善了径流小区DEM对地面控制点的过度拟合。优化后的相机模型包含焦距、像主点、径向畸变、切向畸变等。基于单点和点云的验证结果表明,优化过程误差降低约40%。相对于默认参数设置下的验证点误差（20.0mm）,优化后的验证点误差为11.0mm,与细沟侵蚀深度标准相当（沟深大于等于10mm）,因此优化后的径流小区三维重建过程更适宜于细沟侵蚀过程的三维表达。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

数字化人体模型在车身逆向布置中的应用

以人体参数为依据建立的数字化人体模型能有效的描述人体的形态特性.本文在CATIA人机工程模块中,建立了人群文件,生成自定义的三维数字化人体模型。在此基础上建立了满足不同百分位需求的参数化人体模型。以某汽车为对象,根据SAE标准,综合考虑了踏板行程、汽车视野和上下肢舒适性等因素对驾驶员的影响,最终得到满足各种约束的驾驶员最佳舒适性H点区域。论文研究为针对不同地区人群特性对车型进行逆向开发和逆向布置提供了很好的参考。     

The significance of meandering channel morphology on the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in a lowland river in Japan

• 1. Many rivers and streams across the world have been channelized for various purposes. Channel cross‐sections of meandering rivers are asymmetrical and have cross‐sectional diversity in their physical environment; cross‐sections of a channelized river are typically trapezoidal and have little cross‐sectional diversity, both in physical and ecological conditions. Several programmes to restore stream meanders have been undertaken to improve river ecosystems degraded by channelization. However, the association between diversification in the physical environment due to meander restoration and the macroinvertebrate community structure is poorly known.
• 2. This study of a lowland river in Japan assessed how the cross‐sectional diversity of the physical environment changed with restoration of a meander in a channelized river, and how the macroinvertebrate communities responded to the changes in physical habitat variation. Comparisons were made between the macroinvertebrate communities of a channelized reach, the restored meandering reach, and a natural meandering reach.
• 3. Natural meandering and restored meandering reaches showed higher cross‐sectional diversity in physical variables and total taxon richness across a reach than did the channelized reach. Almost all taxa observed in the natural and restored meandering reaches were concentrated in the shallowest marginal habitats near the banks. Shear velocity increasing with water depth had a negative association with macroinvertebrate density and richness.
• 4. This study demonstrated that the shallow river bed along the inside of bends formed point bars that provided a highly stable substrate, a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates in a lowland river. It is concluded that meander restoration could be an effective strategy for in‐stream habitat restoration in lowland meandering rivers.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding farmers’ potato production practices and use of improved varieties in Chencha,Ethiopia

This study was carried out to better understand non-adoption of improved varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and associated technologies by smallholder farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a survey (n = 47) and in-depth interviews (n = 20). It shows how wealth status was a factor of major importance. Most wealthy and some medium-wealthy farmers adopted improved potato varieties and many of the improved production practices; they had access to seed, associated knowledge and support, and sufficient resources that were necessary to apply the improved practices. Non-adoption was common among many medium-wealthy and most poor farmers: they lacked—next to access to the technologies and knowledge—cash, land, and labor. Results indicated the need to rethink research and intervention efforts. Next to paying attention to differences in the access to technology and the related knowledge, there is a need to consider the variation in technology needs, supporting microcredit services, and room to experiment. As a result, different combinations of improved production practices may be adopted.     

Development of a kompetitive allele‐specific PCR marker for selection of the mutated Wx‐D1d allele in wheat breeding

Waxy (Wx) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of amylose in endosperm. Amylose content in wheat grain influences the quality of end‐use products. Seven alleles have been described at the Wx‐D1 locus, but only two of them (Wx‐D1b, Wx‐D1e) were genotyped with codominant markers. The waxy wheat line K107Wx1 developed by treating ‘Kanto 107’ seeds with ethyl methanesulphonate carries the Wx‐D1d allele. However, no molecular basis supports this nomenclature. In the present study, DNA sequence analysis confirmed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the sixth exon of Wx‐D1 changed tryptophan at position 301 into a termination codon. Based on this sequence variation, a PCR‐based KASP marker was developed to detect this point mutation using 68 BC₈F₁ plants and 297 BC₈F₂ lines derived from the cross ‘Ningmai 14’*9/K107Wx1. Combined with codominant markers for the Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 alleles, waxy and non‐waxy near‐isogenic lines were distinguished. The KASP marker was efficient in identifying the mutant allele and can be used to transfer waxiness to elite lines.