稀土对低温胁迫麻楝幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以2月龄袋装麻楝实生苗为材料,用0、100、500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土喷液施麻楝幼苗,后置于3℃人工气候箱低温处理1～7 d,考察其膜稳定性、渗透调节物质和叶绿素含量等抗寒性生理生化指标的变化,探讨稀土对麻楝幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果表明:0和100 mg.L-1稀土低温各天数后的相对电导率显著大于0 d,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的显著小于0 d。各稀土浓度处理的幼苗脯氨酸含量都显著大于0 d,可溶性蛋白质含量多小于0 d,叶绿素含量多大于0 d。0和100 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗丙二醛含量大于0 d或与0 d无显著差异。500和1 000 mg.L-1稀土处理的幼苗各低温天数的丙二醛含量与0 d相近或小于0 d。0 mg.L-1稀土处理后,幼苗各天数的SOD活性显著小于0 d,100 mg.L-1处理的波动,500和1 000 mg.L-1处理的各天数的SOD活性与0 d的差异不显著。可见,在低温胁迫下,500和1 000 mg.L-1的稀土处理能通过提高渗透调节物质含量来稳定麻楝幼苗细胞膜稳定性,从而增强麻楝幼苗的抗寒性。     

乡村景观格局热效应研究

利用Quickbird和ETM影像对浙江省绍兴县北部平原220 km2区域内50个村庄景观格局热效应进行了研究。通过环境亮温与建筑、水体、草地、林地、绿地(草地＋林地)5种地类斑块共45个景观指数间的数量关系分析,结果表明:各景观指数与环境亮温间具有良好的线性关系;众多景观指数可分为密度类指数、覆盖率类指数、形状指数、核心区规模指数、100 m缓冲区相关指数、其它指数6类,其中优势斑块和景观总体的密度类指数、覆盖率类指数是环境亮温的主要作用因子;有关建筑斑块及核心区景观总体规模的指数(建筑的覆盖率、块均面积、聚合度,核心区的总面积、总周长、总块均面积)与环境亮温为正相关关系,其它多为负相关,因此建成区规模较小、各地类以众多小斑块均匀分布、建筑覆盖率低且形状狭长的村庄更有助于环境降温。建立了4个亮温预测模型(Ra2>0.9),筛选出相应的亮温预测及调控因子组;在核心区,环境亮温的单因子拟合效果欠佳,景观格局结构指数的作用不能忽略,结构指数对亮温的作用贡献约占总量的25%。     

冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究

在木兰林管局桃山林场选取面积为100 m×100 m的杨桦次生林样地,以每株林木树高、胸径和坐标为基础数据,运用混交度、大小比数和角尺度等林分空间结构参数分析了杨桦次生林的空间结构特征。结果表明:(1)该林分中山杨Populus davidiana和白桦Betula platyphylla在株数和断面积比例上占优势,为林分内优势树种;(2)林分各混交类型的比例相差不大,林分整体呈中度混交状态;(3)林分优势木和亚优势木相对较多,基于胸径、树高得到的平均大小比数结果基本一致,均能客观反映林分的分化规律;(4)林分平均角尺度为0.504,属于随机分布,林下伴生树种以集聚分布为主,但优势树种的随机分布趋势起决定作用。     

不同类型土壤的光谱特征及其有机质含量预测

 【目的】构建适合土壤有机质含量估测的高光谱参数及定量反演模型。【方法】系统分析中国中、东部地区5种不同类型土壤风干样本有机质含量与350～2 500 nm波段范围高光谱反射率之间的关系,利用特征光谱参数和BP神经网络建立土壤有机质的定量估测模型。【结果】光谱一阶导数构成的两波段光谱参数与土壤有机质含量的相关性明显优于原始光谱,尤其采用Norris平滑滤波后导数光谱效果更好。光谱参数构成形式以差值指数最好,其次为比值和归一化指数。与土壤有机质含量相关程度最高的光谱参数是由可见光区554 nm和近红外区1 398 nm两个波段的一阶导数组合而成的差值指数DI(D554,D1398),两者呈显著指数曲线关系,拟合方程为y= 184.2 ×exp[-1297×DI(D554,D1398)],决定系数为0.90。经不同类型土壤的观测资料检验,模型预测决定系数为0.84,均方根误差RMSE为3.64,相对分析误差RPD为2.98,显示估测模型具有较好的预测精度。另外,利用BP神经网络结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)对导数光谱进行分析,提取贡献率达到99.56 %的前6个主成分建立了三层BP 神经网络模型,模型决定系数为0.98,经不同类型土壤的观测资料检验,模型预测决定系数为0.96,RMSE为2.24,相对偏差RPD为4.83。比较利用DI(D554,D1398)和BP网络进行土壤有机质含量的预测结果,前者精度低于后者,但可以满足土壤有机质监测的需要。【结论】利用差值光谱指数DI(D554,D1398)和BP神经网络模型均可实现对土壤有机质的精确估测。     

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.     

Preparation of Atherosclerosis Model Using Guangxi Bama Mini-pig

The atherosclerosis (AS) model was prepared in Guangxi Bama mini-pig,and the atherosclerosis index (AI) was preliminarily identified in occurrence of AS to provide the basis for the preparation of related models.20 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control group and experimental group which were fed with high fat and cholesterol diet to prepare the AS model.Blood biochemical indexes were detected in the process of model preparation and the correlation between AI and the results of vascular slices was analyzed to initially draw up AI of AS.The results of vascular slices showed that the incidence rates of AS of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs in experimental group and control group were 20% and 0,respectively.The association analysis between the results of vascular slices and AI in the pathogenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs preliminarily suggested that AI was above 3.8 and lasted for more than 3 months during the attack.     

Effects of variety, cropping year, location and fertilizer application on nutritive value of durum wheat straw

This study was carried out to assess the effects of variety, year, location and level of fertilizer application on chemical composition and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of durum wheat straw as well as to understand the relationship between straw quality and agronomic traits of the crop and to assess the possibilities of selecting wheat varieties that combine high grain yield with desirable straw quality. Two local (Arendeto and Tikur sinde) and two improved (Boohai and Gerardo) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf.) were used in the experiment. The four varieties were grown at two locations (Akaki and Ejere) in the years 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 in 5 x 5 m plots in three replications. Diammonium phosphate and urea fertilizers were applied at four levels (0/0, 32/23, 41/23 and 64/46 kg/ha of nitrogen/phosphorus). Straw quality was assessed based on chemical composition and in sacco DM degradability. Correlation of straw quality with grain and straw yield and with other agronomic characteristics of the crop was determined. The potential utility index (a measure that integrates grain and digestible straw yield) was used for ranking of the varieties. The local varieties had higher crude protein (CP) and lower neutral detergent fibre contents and higher digestibility than the improved varieties. The cropping year and location had significant effect on CP content and degradability of the straw, which could be due to climatic variation. However, the fertilizer level did not have any significant effect on straw quality except that the CP content of the straw tended to increase with increasing level of fertilizer application. Based on the potential utility index the varieties ranked, in a decreasing order, as Tikur sinde > Arendeto > Gerardo > Boohai and the ranking was consistent across years and locations. Except the CP content, straw quality was not negatively correlated with grain and straw yield. This indicates that there is a possibility of selecting varieties of wheat that combine high grain and straw yield with desirable straw quality.     

京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本鸡球虫抗性指标的比较

为研究京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本BB鸡与FF鸡鸡球虫病抗性的差异,试验选取BB和FF公鸡各30只,饲养至9日龄时,每个群体随机分为免疫组(n=15)和非免疫对照组(n=15),分组当天免疫组京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本按正典鸡球虫病四价活疫苗说明书要求接种鸡球虫疫苗,疫苗免疫后第8天采用生物素双抗体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定免疫组和非免疫对照组8个血浆球虫抗性指标,并进行差异显著性检验.结果显示,BB鸡免疫组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白介素17(IL-17)的含量显著高于FF鸡免疫组(P <0.05);BB杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT含量极显著高于对照组(P <0.01),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05);FF杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05).综合分析结果表明,BB鸡免疫效果优于FF鸡群体,BB鸡球虫病抗性优于FF鸡群体.     

添喂两种植物雌激素对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。选取健康、年龄及泌乳期相近的40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组：1个对照组、3个试验组,每组10头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,试验组在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上添加2.5 g大豆黄酮（试验Ⅰ组）、35 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅱ组）、1.25 g大豆黄酮和17.5 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅲ组）。预试期7 d,正试期120 d。分别于试验的第0、30、60、90、120天采集乳样,测定乳成分;颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组产奶量、乳蛋白产量均显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖产量显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅲ组T-AOC显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组GSH-Px活性显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组MDA含量极显著降低（P< 0.05）;乳脂产量、乳糖率及TP、ALB、GLB含量均无显著差异（P> 0.05）;CAT、SOD活性均有一定程度的提高。由此可见,日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物能够在一定程度上提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白含量和乳糖含量,能够提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

日粮蛋氨酸水平对大骨鸡肌肉SLC12A5、 Musclin mRNA表达影响的研究

试验旨在研究日粮蛋氨酸水平大骨鸡腿肌和胸肌SLC12A5、Musclin mRNA表达量的影响.选择240只16周龄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复8只.H组、M组和L组日粮中蛋氨酸(Met)水平分别为0.42％、0.34％、0.25％,其中M组为对照组.试验期8w.结果 显示,H组各周龄公鸡血清Met含量...