日粮中添加植物提取物对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

选用250只健康AA肉雏随机分成5个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋植物提取物（300 g/t）、基础日粮＋植物提取物（500 g/t）和基础日粮＋植物提取物（800 g/t）5种日粮,以研究不同浓度植物提取物对46日龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、T淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬印度墨汁率等指标的影响。研究结果表明,提取物有提高肉仔鸡日增重、成活率及饲料报酬率的趋势,且不影响肉仔鸡的正常生长。日粮中添加不同浓度植物提取物能够增加免疫器官指数,具有促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,淋巴细胞（增殖）转化率显著增高,延长抗体水平持续时间,对肉鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显促进作用。而在日粮中添加500 g/t的提取物比添加金霉素对仔鸡免疫力有更好的作用。     

番茄早疫病菌拮抗细菌的筛选及其抑制作用

为了筛选对番茄早疫病菌具有生防作用的菌株,利用前期研究获得的17株促生菌,采用平板对峙法测定其对病原真菌的拮抗作用及对菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果发现,可有效拮抗番茄早疫病菌的生防菌有2株,其中,菌株FX2的抑菌活性较好,抑制率达到70.52%,菌株LHS11的抑制率为65.34%。菌株FX2和LHS11可通过次生代谢物抑制病原真菌,其中菌株LHS11的发酵液对番茄早疫病菌的抑制率达到65.40%,菌株FX2的发酵液的抑制率为47.26%。菌株FX2和LHS11能使病原菌菌丝发生不同程度扭曲变形。     

Influence of Equine Conformation on Rider Oscillation and Evaluation of Horses for Therapeutic Riding

To obtain basic knowledge about selecting horses for therapeutic riding, the influence of equine conformation on rider oscillation and relationships between these factors and the evaluation on horses as the therapeutic riding were studied. Thirty-five riding horses were used. Equine conformation was estimated by 24 indices. Rider oscillation was measured by an accelerometer fixed at the rider’s waist. The spatial position of the oscillation was estimated by a double integration of the acceleration. Horses were evaluated for therapeutic riding by a Riding for the Disabled Association instructor as a rider. Evaluations were on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score for 27 items. Horses were classified into 4 groups: the short and narrow (SN), short and wide (SW), tall and narrow (TN), and tall and wide (TW). The frequencies of rider oscillation both at walk and trot were higher (P<0.01), and the vertical (P<0.01) and longitudinal (P<0.05) amplitudes at trot were smaller, on short horses than on tall horses. The vertical amplitude at walk was smaller (P<0.05) and the lateral amplitude at trot was larger (P<0.01) on wide horses than on narrow horses. Short horses could be used for the rider who requires side walkers. Wide horses could be used for relieving muscular tension and for the rider who could not maintain good balance on the horse. Short and wide horses should be suitable for therapeutic riding.     

火因子对松嫩羊草草原植物多样性的影响

应用三种丰富度指数，四种多样性系数，五种均匀度指数，进行了不同火因子对羊草草原植物多样性影响的研究。结果得出，灰分刺激与去枯作用明显提高了物种均匀度，加热作用则提高了物种丰富度，火烧的综合作用使得物种多样性显著增加，辛普森多样性指数计算的结果与其他 指数的结果截然相反，不适于在此种情况下应用。     

多浆旱生植物霸王高频组培再生体系的建立

本研究以多浆旱生植物霸王为材料,通过对不同激素组合和外植体(子叶、茎、茎节、下胚轴)的研究,建立了一个稳定、高效的霸王组培再生体系。结果表明,霸王子叶是诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体,茎节是诱导不定芽的最适外植体;最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基是含有0.1mg/L6-BA和1.0mg/LNAA的MS,子叶在此培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为100%,诱导时间为20d,优于已报道的30d;霸王茎节不定芽诱导的最适培养基为附加1.5mg/L6-BA和0.5mg/LNAA的MS,诱导率高达82.5%,诱导时间为7周,优于已报道的10周;诱导生根的最佳培养基为含1.0mg/LNAA和0.5mg/LIBA的1/2MS,生根率高达86.7%,比已报道的73.3%的生根率提高了13.4%,且在此培养基上13d开始出现不定根,早于已报道的20d;本试验从诱导愈伤组织到再生苗成株需(84±4)d。     

基于植物能量功能群的草原植物光合作用研究

植物能量功能群是依植物能量属性进行的植物功能类群划分,植物通过光合作用将光能转变成化学能,蓄积在植物体内,为了探究不同的能量功能群是否会表现出光合作用特征的差异,用LI-6400型便携式全自动光合测定仪,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区,于7月底至8月初的植物生长旺盛期,测量了羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子...     

施氮水平对多花黑麦草植株氮含量及反射光谱特征的影响

植株氮含量是评价牧草群体长势、估测产量和确定最佳施肥量的重要指标。对不同施氮水平下多花黑麦草植株氮含量及冠层反射光谱特征进行了测试,分析了冠层反射光谱与植株氮含量之间的相关性。结果表明,施氮水平对多花黑麦草植株氮含量具有显著影响,植株氮含量随着施氮水平的增加有所升高。在可见光区域,冠层光谱反射率随施氮水平的增加而降低。植株氮含量与单波段反射率呈负相关关系,在波段487～718 nm范围内,相关系数绝对值都大于0.5(P<0.01)。利用敏感波段估测植株氮含量最优模型为y=4.362-0.754x₅₇₉+0.351x₇₀₀。以植被指数估测植株氮含量最佳模型为y=3.026-0.670DVI_(610,487)+4.997NDVI_(700,579)。植株氮含量估测值与实测值之间存在显著相关关系。     

Effects of Mowing and Tebuthiuron on the Nutritional Quality of Wyoming Big Sagebrush

Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) is the most abundant and widely distributed subspecies of big sagebrush and has been treated through chemical application, mechanical treatments, and prescribed burning in efforts thought to improve habitat conditions for species such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Although the response of structural attributes of sagebrush communities to treatments is well understood, there is a need to identify how treatments influence the quality of sagebrush as winter food for wildlife. Our purpose was to identify how mowing and tebuthiuron treatments influenced dietary quality of Wyoming big sagebrush in central Wyoming. Two study areas were mowed in January and February 2014, and tebuthiuron was applied in two study areas in May 2014. We constructed 6 exclosures in each of these four study areas (24 total), which encompassed 30 × 30 m areas of treated and untreated sagebrush within each exclosure. Samples of current annual growth were collected from 18 sagebrush plants from treated and 12 plants from control portions of mowing exclosures during November 2013–2015 and tebuthiuron exclosures during November 2014–2015. Samples were analyzed for crude protein and plant secondary metabolites known to influence dietary selection of sagebrush by sage-grouse and other sagebrush-occurring herbivores. Our results suggest mowing and tebuthiuron treatments may slightly increase crude protein concentrations directly after treatments without immediate changes in plant secondary metabolites. Slight increases in dietary quality of sagebrush following treatments coupled with potential trade-offs with loss of biomass associated with treatments corroborates previous research that treating Wyoming big sagebrush may have little benefit for sage-grouse and other sagebrush-dependent wildlife. Future work should evaluate not only how treatments influence sage-grouse habitat use and reproductive success but also how treatments influence other wildlife species in fragile sagebrush ecosystems.     

樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响

研究旨在观察比较樟科植物提取物(CFPE)和丝兰植物提取物(YE)对仔猪生长性能、粪尿中氨和硫化氢散发的影响及其机理探讨。选用216头35日龄的杜长大仔猪,按照体重相近、公、母各半的原则分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复24头仔猪。CFPE试验组和YE试验组分别饲喂含350 mg/kg CFPE和125 mg/kg YE的基础日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为35 d。结果表明:CFPE和YE均显著影响仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和饲料增重比(F/G()P<0.05),CFPE组ADG高于YE组,F/G低于YE组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。CFPE和YE对脲酶活性影响极显著(P<0.01),CFPE组脲酶活性低于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在粪尿排出后6 h时间点,CFPE和YE对尿素氮浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),从12 h时间点开始,影响达到极显著(P<0.01)。CFPE使氨态氮最高浓度出现时间点推迟,7 d时间点,CFPE、YE组的氨态氮浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),CFPE组高于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。除12 h和48 h时间点外,CFPE组、YE组的可溶性硫化物的浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),仔猪粪便发酵第4天和第8天产生的硫化氢平均值均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲料中添加CFPE和YE可通过减缓尿素氮分解和可溶性硫化物的产生,从而减少氨和硫化氢的散发;CFPE效果优于YE。     

苜蓿高效再生体系研究进展

作为牧草生物技术的一个重要组成部分,苜蓿Medicago sativa组织培养工作在国内外得到了大量开展.从苜蓿组织培养中外植体和培养基的选择、细胞生长调节物质的应用以及基因型的选择4个方面阐述了苜蓿高效再生体系研究现状,并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了归纳,提出了苜蓿再生体系研究的发展趋势.