Influence of defoliation on reproductive capacity and growth in Buddleja davidii

This study aims at quantifying the effects of defoliation on seed production and germination in Buddleja davidii , and determining the potential for reducing the invasive success of the species. The effects of defoliation on seed production and germination at the flower spike and plant levels were investigated for control plants and plants that were defoliated by 66% at monthly intervals from mid-summer (January) to mid-autumn (April). Seed samples for germination were collected in late autumn (May). Defoliation reduced flower spike number per shoot, seed number per flower spike and average seed mass by 9%, 22% and 13% and 30%, 33% and 17% on main and side shoots, respectively. In contrast, emergent leaf area per shoot in the defoliated plants exceeded that for the control plants by 89%. The ratio of total seed mass per plant/emergent leaf area per shoot was significantly lower in the defoliated compared with the control plants by 50%. Defoliation did not affect the timing or rate of seed germination. Defoliation of B. davidii resulted in a marked decrease in reproductive capacity, consistent with the priority allocation of resources to compensational leaf area growth.     

一次浸提技术对提高速溶绿茶品质的作用

为了提高速溶绿茶品质,改善产品的溶解性能,研究了不同浸提次数对速溶绿茶主要滋味成分含量、茶汤色差及感官品质的影响．结果表明：第一次浸提固形物的得率是第二次浸提的4—5倍,第一次浸提产品的茶汤色泽、感官品质,特别是溶解性方面均明显优于第二次浸提的．采用一次浸提技术可提高生产效率,降低生产成本,并获得优质速溶绿茶产品．     

Fish assemblage production estimates in Appalachian streams across a latitudinal and temperature gradient

Production of biomass is central to the ecology and sustainability of fish assemblages. The goal of this study was to empirically estimate and compare fish assemblage production, production‐to‐biomass (P/B) ratios and species composition for 25 second‐ to third‐order streams spanning the Appalachian Mountains (from Vermont to North Carolina) that vary in their temperature regimes. Fish assemblage production estimates ranged from 0.15 to 6.79 g m^?2 year^?1, and P/B ratios ranged from 0.20 to 1.07. There were no significant differences in mean assemblage production across northern cold‐water, southern cold‐water and southern cool‐water streams (p = .35). Two warm‐water streams, not included in these comparisons, had the highest mean production and biomass values. Mean assemblage P/B was significantly higher in northern cold‐water streams relative to southern cold‐water and cool‐water streams (p = .01). Species evenness in production declined with stream temperature and differed significantly across the lower latitude cold‐water, cool‐water and warm‐water streams and the higher latitude (i.e. more northern) cold‐water streams. Our fish assemblage production estimates and P/B ratios were both lower and higher compared to previously published estimates for similar stream habitats. This study provides empirical fish assemblage production estimates to inform future research on southern Appalachian streams and on the potential impacts of varying temperature regimes on cold‐water, cool‐water and warm‐water fish production in the coming decades as climate change continues to threaten fish assemblages.     

水产养殖清洁生产的内涵与技术

清洁生产作为循环经济的主要生产方式适用于各生产性行业并有助于各生产行业的可持续发展。以陆上工厂化水产养殖为例，讨论了水产养殖业实施清洁生产的技术。     

精子载体法获得转人her2基因猪

将带有外源基因的载体酶切纯化后与去精清的猪新鲜精液按比例混合，17℃静置处理使外源DNA进入精子头部，通过人工授精使受体母猪怀孕后产下20头仔猪，经PCR特异性片段扩增，特异片段序列测定和比对，共4头PCR结果为阳性。初步证明人her2基因已在猪染色体上整合，其整合率约为20％。本研究利用精子载体法成功获得了转基因阳性猪，为大动物的转基因研究提供了理论与实践的参考。     

甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响

通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究了甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响。选择 4 8头平均体重为 3 0 .7± 3 .1kg的长白×大白×北京黑三元杂交健康生长猪 ,按单因子随机区组设计分为对照组和试验组 ,分别饲喂未加甲基吡啶铬的日粮和添加 0 .0 5 %甲基吡啶铬 (折算成铬的添加水平为2 0 0 μg/kg)的日粮。试验结果显示 :试验组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组无显著差异 ,但饲料转化率显著改善 1 0 .2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,屠宰率和瘦肉率分别提高了 2 .9%和 2 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,第 1 0肋和最后肋背膘厚度分别下降 1 .6%和 1 3 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,眼肌面积显著增加 1 3 .8% (P <0 .0 5 )     

Permeability of the endothelium and partitioning of the pulmonary blood flow resistance in isolated perfused pig lungs: Effects of breed and age

The right and left lungs of 5 healthy Minipigs and of 13 healthy Landrace piglets were isolated, perfused at constant pressure and maintained in an isogravimetric state under zone III conditions (pulmonary venous pressure>alveolar pressure). By applying the double, arterial and venous, occlusion technique, the total blood flow resistance (R _t) was partitioned into four components: arterial (R _a), pre-(R _a) and post-capillary (R _v) and venous (R _v). The capillary filtration coefficient (K _f,c) was evaluated by measuring the weight gained by the lungs when the arterial and venous pressures were suddenly increased. In the youngest Landrace piglets (5 weeks old), there was an uncontrolled vasoconstriction which sometimes prevented perfusion of the lungs and induced a large increase inR _t. These high values ofR _t were decreased by tolazoline administration. The values ofR _t recorded in older pigs (12–13 weeks old) were lower in Minipigs (33.66±3.77 cmH₂O min L^–1 per 100 g of lungs;n=5) than in Landrace piglets (55.20±6.18 cmH₂O min L^–1 per 100 g;n=5). This breed difference was due to the differences inR _a andR _v. The mean values ofK _f,c were 0.193±0.015 and 0.202±0.029 ml min (cmH₂O)^–1 per 100 g of the lungs in Minipigs and Landrace piglets respectively. All these parameters were stable for the 3 hours following the equilibrium period. It was concluded that: (1) There is an age-related maturation of the control of the vasomotor tone in porcine lungs. (2) Pulmonary microvascular haemodynamics are influenced by the breed of the pigs. (3) There was no difference in theK _f,c values between both the breeds. (4) A comparison of the values reported for dogs and rabbits with our data shows that the pre- and post-capillary resistances and, to a lesser extent, the arterial and venous resistances are relatively high in pigs.     

中药对肉仔鸡脂质代谢及肉品质的影响

将120只1周龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,前3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂以含1%的3种不同中药组方的饲粮,第Ⅳ组为对照组,只喂基础日粮.试验期6周.结果(1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01);Ⅱ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),TG也下降(P＜0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组血清LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),HDL-C则显著升高(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组血清总脂都极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组血清LDL-C、Ⅲ组TC存在显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)与对照组相比,胸肌组织中,各试验组TG极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组TC显著下降(P＜0.05);腿肌中,各组TC显著下降(P＜0.05),TG下降极显著(P＜0.01);肝脏中各组TC、TG均极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组肝TG差异极显著(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组胸肌TG、肝TG有显著差异性(P＜0.05).(3)7周龄末鸡体重与对照组相比,Ⅱ组差异极显著(P＜0.01),Ⅲ组差异显著(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组料肉比比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01).(4)肌肉中的营养成分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腿肌中粗脂肪比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组腿肌中粗蛋白含量显著升高(P＜0.01).结论中药组方能不同程度地调整鸡脂质代谢,提高生产性能和改善鸡肉品质.在3个不同中药组方中,综合效果Ⅱ方最优.     

生长激素释放肽-2对DLY生长猪生产性能和蛋白质利用的影响

将10头初始体重为(26·55±1·36)kg的DLY生长猪平均随机分成对照组和处理组,处理组连续15d每天每头猪按体重分别肌肉注射30μg/kg的GHRP-2,对照组注射同体积生理盐水,考察GHRP-2对试猪生产性能和蛋白质利用及GH水平的影响。停止给药后,再进行15d的生长实验,考察停药后试猪生产性能的变化情况。在给药期,与对照组相比,处理组试猪的日增重除1~5d增加了7%以外,其余阶段有所下降(P>0·05),F/G除1~5d降低了11·1%外、其余阶段均有所上升,采食量变化不明显;第6~10天处理组试猪的蛋白质的利用也有所下降(P>0·05),其中NPU降低8·5%(P=0·01);第7~8天的蛋白质的合成,降解和净沉积速率在数值上也有所降低(P>0·05);第15天,GHRP-2促进了GH的释放,其中处理组平均GH水平显著高于对照组(P=0·01),血清尿素N和总蛋白在数值上分别降低和增加(P>0·05)。在停止给药的5d、10d和15d内处理组日增重分别增加16·85%、10·23%、1·11%,F/G分别降低13·7%、8·82%、5·51%,差异均不显著,采食量几乎没有变化。总之,本实验研究表明肌肉注射GHRP-2对DLY生长猪的生产性能和蛋白质利用没有改善作用,但前期注射的GHRP-2对试猪后续生产性能有改善的趋势。     

绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产关键技术研究

围绕绿叶蔬菜的清洁高效生产和均衡供应需求,借鉴日本、荷兰等国家植物工厂发展的先进经验,针对绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产的关键环节和技术突破点,以小白菜的工厂化生产为例,综述了品种选择、基质研发、肥水运筹、节能生产、绿色防控、物流加工、质量管理等关键设备与技术研究进展,探索符合中国国情的有机生态型绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产的可行性。