油菜籽粒中钾素积累过程的初步研究

通过定期测定甘蓝型双低油菜扬油6号籽粒的钾素含量，研究了籽粒中钾素积累动态，结果表明：（1）籽粒含钾率前期较高，随着籽粒的充实逐渐减小。（2）籽粒中钾素积累动态可用Richards方程拟合（R2=0.9963**～0.9981**）。（3）前期钾素积累的持续时间最长，约占55%；中期K素积累速率最大，积累量最大，所占比例也最大，均在50%以上，前期积累比例略少于40%，后期13%左右。（4）施用K肥籽粒K素积累时间和最终积累量有所增加，但总体来说影响不大。     

优质籼稻桂华占、八桂香花后干物质积累与转运及灌浆的动态特征

 以品质优良、较好、较差的桂华占、八桂香、珍桂矮（CK）3个籼稻品种为材料,研究了优质稻花后干物质积累、运转与籽粒生长的动态特征及相互关系。结果表明,优质籼稻品种花后单株叶片和茎鞘干物质量大,花后叶片干物质的转运率和转运速率较对照高,但茎鞘的花后运转与对照的差异较小。3个水稻品种籽粒干质量的动态均可用Richards方程进行模拟,但优质品种的灌浆启动快、活跃灌浆期长、最大灌浆速率小。花后茎叶干物质的再运转占籽粒干质量的1/5~1/3,其中优质品种花后叶的再运转对籽粒生长的贡献是对照的1.5~2.0倍。相关分析表明,花后叶的干物质运转与籽粒生长的关系密切,因此,单株叶片干质量大、花后运转率高可能是优质水稻品质形成的重要生理原因之一。     

湘南丘岗地区水稻轻简施肥技术的效应研究

通过田间小区试验,系统研究了在几种轻简施肥技术条件下双季早、晚稻的生育特性、养分吸收规律、肥料养分的当季利用率、经济性状和产量效应以及土壤速效养分的变化规律。结果表明：在轻简施肥技术条件下,双季稻前期早发不明显,中期成穗率高,后期根旺叶健不早衰;早、晚稻不同生育时期的干物质积累量与养分的吸收量具有相似性;早稻前期氮、磷、钾吸收量最低,绝大部分氮、磷、钾养分是在中、后期吸收的,晚稻前期的氮、磷、钾吸收量明显高于早稻,后期的氮、磷、钾吸收量大多低于早稻,不同处理之间差异不大。各轻简施肥处理均能提高早稻对氮和磷的表观利用率,以“湘珠专用肥”处理效果最好,但不能提高早稻对钾的表观利用率;晚稻轻简施肥处理“湘珠专用肥”也能明显提高水稻对肥料氮和钾的表观利用率。轻简施肥处理的水稻产量明显高于当地习惯施肥处理。     

夏大豆亩产262.1kg生理指标研究

研究了夏大豆中油－８９Ｄ亩产２６２．１ｋｇ各项生理指标：叶面积系数，开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期分别为３．９８、５．８０、４．９１；总光合势１８．２万ｍ＾２·日，平均净光合生产率４．８１ｇ／ｍ＾２·日，氮磷总积累量分别为２２．２８ｋｇ和３．１３ｋｇ，每生产１００ｋｇ籽粒需吸收氮８．５０ｋｇ，磷１．１９ｋｇ，总干物质积累８７６．４７ｋｇ，粒茎比０．５１，经济系数０．３０。     

亚种间杂交稻光合产物积累与分配研究进展

对籼粳亚种间杂交稻的光合特性、光合产物积累与分配的影响因素与提高路径等方面的研究进行了简要概述,并就籼粳亚种间杂交稻常出现的倒伏问题,提出对籼粳亚种间杂交稻光合产物积累及分配与植株抗倒伏能力关系进行研究的必要性。     

低磷胁迫下磷高效基因型小麦的筛选

为获得小麦磷高效育种所需的材料,在不施磷肥的条件下对58份小麦品种的磷效率及其年度间的稳定性进行了研究(磷效率用耐低磷力和品种适应性来描述),筛选出内乡188、徐麦25、西农979等3个高耐低磷力的品种和徐麦856、徐麦270、徐麦3-54、小偃54等4个磷高效品种.磷效率年度间稳定性分析表明,磷效率稳定的品种占66.67%,为增加鉴定的准确性应连续进行多年试验.     

Differential Sensitivity of Rice Cultivars to Salinity and Its Relation to Ion Accumulation and Root Tip Structure

Abstract

Effects of NaCl on the growth, ion content, root cap structure and Casparian band development were examined in four rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different salt resistance (salt-sensitive indica-type IR 24 and japonica-type Nipponbare and salt-resistant indica-type Nona Bokra and Pokkali). Experiments were conducted to find the differences in salinity resistance during early seedling and developed seedling stages among the cultivars. For salinity treatment, sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to nutrient solution at concentrations of 0, 25 and 50 mM for 7 days from germination to the 7th day (early seedling stage) or from the 7th day to 14th day (developed seedling stage). Growth inhibition by salinity was more prominent in the early seedling stage than in the developed seedling stage. Based on the growth, the order of the sensitivity was IR24 > Nipponbare > Nona Bokra > Pokkali. The growth of NaCl-treated rice cultivars relative to control was significantly and negatively correlated with the Na⁺ content and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in roots and shoots in both stages. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the root cap tissues proliferated and extended to the basal part of the root tip by salinity. The length of root cap was, however, reduced by 50 mM NaCl in sensitive cultivars due to peeling off. An endodermal Casparian band was formed in the basal region of the root tip. Development of the Casparian band was more prominent in sensitive cultivars than in tolerant cultivars. Root cap proliferation might be related to NaCl resistance in rice seedlings, but the Casparian band may not function efficiently in Na⁺ exclusion. Essentially the present results suggest that exclusion of Na⁺ from roots plays a critical role in expression of Na⁺ resistance in rice seedlings and the root cap is important for Na⁺ exclusion.     

Transgenic Expression of the Recombinant Phytase in Rice （Oryza sativa）

In many plants, phytic acid (phytate, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate) is one of the main storage forms of phosphate. About 80% of phosphorus (P) in cereal plants, including rice is stored as phytic acid [1-2]. P in phytic acid can’t be utilized by monogastric animals including human, while it was estimated that only 1/3 of the total P in most of the vegetal feedstuff could be efficiently utilized by the livestock. Therefore, for animal feed with P supplementation is expected to meet the d…     

北方粳稻产量及产量构成因素相关特性研究

为探讨水稻高产育种因素,以牡丹江31、牡丹江30等10个粳稻品种为试材,在大田条件下分析了不同类型粳稻品种产量差异,产量构成因素以及干物质生产特性。结果表明:在参试的水稻品种中,高产品种牡丹江30拥有最大的穗长和二次枝梗数,每穗颖花数较高,千粒重也比较大,使得牡丹江30在每穴穗数较少、成粒率一般的情况下仍获得了最高的产量。说明穗长、二次枝梗数、颖花数和千粒重是决定牡丹江30高产的主要因素。     

日粮非植酸磷和基因工程酵母菌植酸酶水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长和胫骨发育的影响

 【目的】研究确定22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡非植酸磷（NPP）的需要量及毕赤酵母基因工程菌植酸酶（PHY A）的磷当量值。【方法】选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 320只,随机分为11个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复30只鸡。处理1为基础日粮（NPP水平为0.08%）,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶;处理2～7在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平化学纯磷酸氢钙,日粮NPP水平分别为0.16%、0.24%、0.32%、0.40%、0.48%、0.56%;处理8～11在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 U•kg-1PHY A、400 U•kg-1美国进口植酸酶产品（PHY B）。【结果】肉鸡日增重随日粮NPP水平升高而增加,0.32%～0.56%组平均日增重显著高于对照组和0.16%组（P＜0.05）,0.48%组日增重最大;添加磷组肉鸡采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;0.40%组料重比最低,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随日粮NPP水平升高肉鸡胫骨脱脂干骨重、干骨中磷含量和灰分中磷含量均显著升高,0.48%组达到最高,显著高于对照组、0.16%和0.24%组（P＜0.05）,添加磷组干骨中钙含量与灰分含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。添加400、600 U•kg-1 PHY A和400 U•kg-1 PHY B显著提高了日增重、采食量和胫骨脱脂干骨重（P＜0.05）,添加2种植酸酶均显著提高了胫骨干骨中钙、磷含量与灰分中磷含量（P＜0.05）,添加600 U•kg-1 PHY A显著提高了干骨中灰分含量（P＜0.05）。【结论】22～42日龄满足黄羽肉鸡最佳生长和骨骼发育的NPP需要量为0.40%,PHY A的磷当量为685 U•kg-1。