Phytase dose effects in practically formulated diets that vary in ingredient composition on feed manufacturing and broiler performance

Considering approaches to efficiently produce broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted to describe the manufacturing and feeding effects of a corn, soybean meal, and wheat based diet with varying levels of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and commercial phytase. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design varying in phytase (zero, 1,000, and 6,000 FTU/kg) and DDGS inclusion (zero or 5%). Phytase inclusion decreased dietary non-phytate phosphorous (nPP) and total Calcium (Ca) in formulation by 0.12 and 0.1%, respectively. Diets were steam conditioned at 82°C for 10 s, extruded through a 4.7 × 38 mm pellet die, and fed as crumbles (starter and grower) or pellets (finisher). Ten replicate pens of straight-run Hubbard × Cobb 500 chicks consumed one of 6 dietary treatments for 38 days. Phytase improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the starter period (P = 0.05), but benefits were not apparent in the grower or finisher periods. Phytase and formulation main effects interacted to affect overall FCR (P = 0.05), demonstrating a 0.05 decrease in FCR when birds were fed a diet containing a super-dose of phytase and without DDGS relative to diets containing a super-dose of phytase and DDGS. The DDGS likely provided reduced nutrient availability relative to their nutrient values used for diet formulation or provided non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) at a level that decreased bird performance. Based on tibia ash measures, performance improvement associated with the super-dose of phytase was likely associated with reducing phytate phosphorus gastrointestinal irritation rather than meeting bird phosphorus requirement.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

Mitochondrial DNA variation of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum in Brazilian populations

The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was partially sequenced for 164 Ancylostoma caninum individuals, originating from five different localities in Brazil, with the aim of describing the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Brazilian hookworm populations. Allelic and nucleotide diversity were moderate (overall h=0.88 and pi=0.016) and were similar among cities. There was moderate genetic differentiation among the populations sampled (approximately Phi(ST)=0.12) and a weak but nonsignificant correlation between geographical and genetic distance. This genetic structure was similar to that observed among populations of the human hookworm, Necator americanus, but distinct from that typically found in trichostrongylid nematode parasites of livestock. Thus, a pattern of different genetic structures among different groups of nematodes is emerging. We also observed a few individuals that had a highly divergent mtDNA sequence (almost 7% sequence divergence from the other sequences). These results in combination with data from other studies suggest that A. caninum populations worldwide consist of a mix of previously differentiated populations, or perhaps even cryptic species. This study contributes to the knowledge of genetic structure and diversity of hookworms, which in turn will be useful in developing methods for their control.     

饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在比较饲粮添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能、屠宰性能、组织器官发育及肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取平均体重约为32 kg的杜寒杂交F1代肉羊160只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只。对照组采用基础饲粮,试验组分别添加21 mg/kg莫能菌素、4×109CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌、3.2×109CFU/kg酿酒酵母菌、1.1 g/kg复合生物制剂(地衣芽孢杆菌≥6×109CFU/g、酿酒酵母菌≥4×109CFU/g、碱性蛋白酶≥1 000 U/g)。预试期10 d,正试期56 d,每2 d记录1次采食量,每20 d进行1次称重,当复合生物制剂组羊只的平均体重达到约50 kg时,每组选取10只羊进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能、组织器官重量和肉品质指标。结果表明:1)复合生物制剂组平均日增重、屠宰率显著高于对照组(P0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和复合生物制剂组料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)地衣芽孢杆菌组、酿酒酵母菌组、复合生物制剂组复胃重量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),复合生物制剂组复胃重量占宰前活重比例显著高于对照组和莫能菌素组(P0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组、酿酒酵母菌组、复合生物制剂组小肠重量及其占宰前活重比例均显著高于对照组、莫能菌素组(P0.05)。3)酿酒酵母菌组肾脏重量占宰前活重比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他内脏器官重量占宰前活重比例在各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。4)各组肉品质指标差异不显著(P0.05)。综合得出,从作为饲料添加剂对肉羊生产性能作用效果来看,地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、复合生物制剂可以替代莫能菌素,地衣芽孢杆菌好于酿酒酵母菌,复合生物制剂最佳。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响.试验选取162头体重为30 kg左右的豫南黑猪,采用3（CF：4％、5.5％、7％）×3（lys：0.75％、0.85％、0.95％）两因子交叉完全随机设计,共设9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每重复6头猪.通过测定其生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率,确定生长期豫南黑猪的最佳粗纤维和赖氨酸水平.结果表明：不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）均无显著影响（P＞0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为7％、0.75％时,料重比最低（P＜0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为5.5％、0.85％时血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FREET3）水平最高（P＜0.05）.饲粮中添加粗纤维使营养物质表观消化率下降,但通过适量比例的粗纤维和赖氨酸的合理添加,对饲粮中能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、Ca和P的表观消化率无显著影响（P＞0.05）.上述结果提示,30～60 kg生长期豫南黑猪的饲粮适宜粗纤维水平和赖氨酸水平分别为7％和0.75％.     

基于TM和ASTER的植被指数建模性能对比

在对TM、ASTER数据进行多种植被指数生成的基础上,结合研究区48个杨树样地的测树因子数据,分别就杨树单位面积蓄积量、杨树平均高和杨树年龄进行了遥感统计建模研究,通过植被指数及其变形式共65个特征对比结果表明,由ASTER数据派生的植被指数中RVI3(0.5)对于上述3个测树因子的估测性能最好,由TM数据导出的植被指数中则是DVI2对上述3个测树因子回归效果最好,从建模性能上分析,ASTER数据生成的植被指数要优于TM数据生成的植被指数。     

不同播期夏播小豆产量性能动态指标与光温水效应

为探讨光、温、水等气象因子对夏播小豆产量的影响,达到合理利用气象资源、进一步挖掘小豆增产潜力的目的,以中晚熟小豆品种花小豆(V1)和中早熟品系德红5261(V2)为材料,设T1(6月17日)、T2(6月22日)、T3(6月27日)、T4(7月2日)和T5(7月7日)5个播期,形成不同的光、温、水生长环境,对夏播小豆产量...     

滨白鸡纯系及杂交组合的种群关系分析

本文采用中国科学院遗传研究所研制的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个系统１２个血型因子，分析滨白鸡七个纯系和五个杂交组合的种群关系。结果表明，１２个群体可分为五个类。第一类包括５个纯系（ＮＯ２、ＮＯ７、ＮＯ６、ＮＯ３、ＮＯ８）和２个杂交组合（５×２、７×８）．第二类包括５×６组合和ＮＯ５系。第三类是４×２组合。第四类是５×４组合。第五类是ＮＯ４系。不同类品系间遗传差异大，同一类品系间则小。实际配合力测定得到的４×２、５×４２、６×４２优秀杂交组合均有一定的理论基础。