玉米季横垄坡面片蚀阶段产流及水动力学参数变化特征

为弄清玉米各生育期片蚀阶段的径流特征,采用人工模拟降雨与微小区试验相结合的方法,研究不同坡度下紫色土横垄坡面片蚀阶段产流及水动力学参数变化特征。结果表明:(1)15°坡面,拔节期和抽雄期片蚀出现时间在8min后,且与苗期和成熟期间达显著差异;20°坡面,拔节期和抽雄期片蚀出现时间在6min后,且与苗期、成熟期片蚀出现时间达显著差异。(2)15°坡面,径流总量和产流率均表现为成熟期苗期抽雄期拔节期,且成熟期径流总量和产流率分别为31.25L和1.04L/min;20°坡面,径流总量和产流率却表现为苗期成熟期抽雄期拔节期,且成熟期径流总量和产流率分别为34.62L和1.44L/min;径流总量和产流率总体表现为20°坡面显著高于15°坡面。(3)15°坡面,水流剪切应力在各生育期无显著差异,其它水动力学参数均表现为抽雄期最小,成熟期和苗期较大。20°坡面,单位水流功率在各生育期无显著差异,其它水动力学参数表现为拔节期或抽雄期最小,成熟期或苗期最大。断面单位能量和水流功率是试验条件下与横垄坡面片蚀产流率关系最密切的水动力学参数,可较好地表征横垄坡面产流特征。研究结果可为紫色土丘陵区坡耕地片蚀的有效防控提供理论依据。     

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献   

Monitoring of libido and semen quality parameters in melatonin‐treated French alpine bucks during the non‐breeding season

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on libido and semen quality parameters in bucks during the non‐breeding season. Twelve bucks of the French alpine breed from 1.5 to 4 years of age were assigned into melatonin (MG) and control (CG) groups, with 6 bucks in each group. The experimental period was 3 months (March–May), divided into six periods of 15 days each. The bucks in the MG group received four melatonin implants at the end of March. Two semen samples were taken from the bucks by artificial vagina once per week and their libido estimated. Volume and spermatozoa concentration, their mass motility and motility, proportion of live and total abnormal and forms with abnormal head and tail were determined in the obtained ejaculate samples. The total number of spermatozoa and functional spermatozoa fraction in the ejaculate was also calculated. The MG bucks had significantly higher mass motility and motility of spermatozoa in the first half of April, and a higher proportion of live spermatozoa in the first and second half of April (p < .05). Differences in libido intensity were not significant. The results indicated that the application of melatonin significantly improved the qualitative parameters of semen in bucks, as seen in increased mass motility, motility of spermatozoa and proportion of live spermatozoa shortly following melatonin insertion. Therefore, the results of the current study are novel regarding the use of melatonin treatment during the non‐breeding season to improve the qualitative parameters of ejaculates in bucks.     

Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.     

Genetic analysis of racing performance in Irish greyhounds

The aim of this study was to analyse racing performance data in Irish greyhounds with regard to genetic and environmental variation. Estimation of heritabilities for racing time (RT) and ranking, and the prediction of breeding values for all greyhounds in the investigated data were carried out. Data from 42,785 races in Ireland in the years 2000-2003 were available. These results were obtained from 42,880 greyhounds on 20 race tracks over a distance of 480 m. Three traits were analysed, RT, ranking and a scaled logarithmic function for RT (ART), which was used to adjust racing time to be normally distributed. The data were analysed with a bivariate animal model. The estimated heritabilities were moderate for RT (0.31) and ART (0.38), but very low for ranking (0.10). The repeatabilities were 0.56 (RT), 0.51 (ART) and 0.13 (ranking). The genetic correlations were very high, 0.99 (RT-ranking) and 0.96 (ART-ranking), while the phenotypic correlation was lower, 0.60 (RT-ranking) and 0.62 (ART-ranking). The genetic trend for the traits as well as the phenotypic change of the average RT was positive.     

谷氨酰胺对脂多糖应激仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对断奶仔猪不同阶段生长性能的影响,以及其对脂多糖(LPS)诱导肠道损伤后断奶仔猪血清生化指标和生长性能的影响。选用24头28日龄健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,Gln+LPS组饲喂添加了1%的外源性Gln的基础饲粮;在试验第22、25、28、30天,LPS组和Gln+LPS组腹腔注射100μg/kg BW LPS,对照组则注射相同剂量的生理盐水。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)LPS处理前(试验第1~21天),与对照组相比,Gln+LPS组显著提高了试验第1~7天断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),显著提高了试验第8~14天和第1~21天断奶仔猪的ADFI(P0.05)。2)LPS处理后(试验第22~30天),对照组断奶仔猪的ADFI、ADG、第30天体重均显著高于LPS组和Gln+LPS组(P0.05),Gln+LPS组断奶仔猪的ADFI、ADG、第30天体重均高于LPS组(P0.05)。3)LPS组断奶仔猪的小肠长度显著低于对照组和Gln+LPS组(P0.05),而对照组和Gln+LPS组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Gln+LPS组断奶仔猪的血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)含量和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P0.05),而Gln+LPS组与LPS组之间无显著差异(P0.05);Gln+LPS组和LPS组断奶仔猪的血清免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)含量显著提高(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加1%的Gln能够显著提高仔猪断奶后第1~7天的生长性能,之后效果不明显。饲粮中添加1%的Gln能够调节应激仔猪的血清生化指标,改善其生长性能和小肠长度,从而缓解仔猪断奶应激。     

胡芦巴粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、免疫器官指数及血清抗氧化和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平胡芦巴粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、免疫器官指数及血清抗氧化和生化指标的影响。试验选用1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡320只,随机分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各组分别饲喂含0(对照)、3%、6%、9%胡芦巴粉的营养水平相同的全价饲粮,试验期42d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,6%和9%胡芦巴粉组平均体重和平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05),9%胡芦巴粉组平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P0.05),3%胡芦巴粉组料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。22~42日龄和1~42日龄,饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对肉仔鸡各项生长性能指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)9%胡芦巴粉组胸肌滴水损失率和压力损失率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对胸肌pH45min、pH24h、剪切力和蒸煮损失率均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)6%胡芦巴粉组21日龄脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21日龄胸腺指数、法氏囊指数及42日龄胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)9%胡芦巴粉组的21日龄血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),且显著高于3%和6%胡芦巴粉组(P0.05);6%胡芦巴粉组的42日龄血清总抗氧化能力显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21日龄血清总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量以及42日龄血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。5)9%胡芦巴粉组的21日龄血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);3%胡芦巴粉组的42日龄血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮胡芦巴粉水平对21和42日龄血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮含量和白球比及谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,胡芦巴粉可作为一种蛋白质饲料原料应用于肉仔鸡生产,其具有提高肌肉系水力,促进免疫器官发育,提高抗氧化能力和增强机体蛋白质代谢的作用。胡芦巴粉在肉仔鸡饲粮中的适宜添加水平为:1~21日龄不超过3%,22~42日龄不超过6%。     

外源性H2S对氯胺酮全麻大鼠主要生理指标的影响

外源性H₂S在诸多方面对中枢神经系统具有保护性作用,本研究通过预试验确定了外源性H₂S的给药时间和剂量,将48只SD大鼠随机均分为4组,分别为对照组（CP组）、低剂量组（LP组,7 μmol/kg NaHS）、中剂量组（MP组,14 μmol/kg NaHS）、高剂量组（GP组,28 μmol/kg NaHS）。在盐酸氯胺酮麻醉前20 min,3个剂量组分别腹腔注射7、14、28 μmol/kg NaHS,观察外源性H₂S对大鼠体温、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度及血压等生理指标的干预效果。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,3个剂量组体温和血氧饱和度浓度均显著升高（P<0.05）,心率和血压均显著降低（P<0.05）,但呼吸频率呈先减慢后加快趋势,且这些变化呈显著的剂量依赖性。     

Responses in carcass lean pH at 24 hours post-mortem in lines of Large White pigs selected for growth rate on a fixed ration over a set time

A restricted maximum likelihood analysis applied to an animal model showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in pH value of the longissimus dorsi measured at 24 h post-mortem (pH24) between high and low lines of Large White pigs selected over 4 years for post-weaning growth rate on restricted feeding. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between pH24 and production and carcass traits were estimated using all performance testing records combined with the pH24 measurements (5.05–7.02) on slaughtered animals. The estimate of heritability for pH24 was moderate (0.29 ± 0.18). Genetic correlations between pH24 and production or carcass composition traits, except for ultrasonic backfat (UBF), were not significantly different from zero. UBF had a moderate, positive genetic correlation with pH24 (0.24 ± 0.33). These estimates of genetic correlations affirmed that selection for increased growth rate on restricted feeding is likely to result in limited changes in pH24 and pork quality since the selection does not put a high emphasis on reduced fatness.     

稀释液中添加海藻糖对猪冷冻精液质量参数和活性氧的影响

本试验旨在探讨海藻糖对猪精子冷冻效果以及精子内活性氧(ROS)的含量影响。试验分对照组和4个海藻糖处理组(0.025,0.05,0.1和0.2 mol/L)。精子冷却后,添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而精子内和稀释液中各组间ROS发生量都没有显著的差异。精子冷冻解冻后,添加0.05 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子生存率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组顶体完整的精子百分比显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;4个海藻糖处理组膨胀精子百分比都显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.025 mol/L海藻糖处理组ROS水平显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。结果表明:海藻糖对精子冷冻保存是有益的,且能抑制精子内ROS的发生,但它的作用机制有待于进一步的研究。