几种机能性薄膜包装对香蕉贮藏效果的影响

 测定了4 种日本产机能性薄膜和聚乙烯薄膜在20 ℃的气体透过性,并用其分别包装经乙烯处理的香蕉,测定20 ℃贮藏期间袋内气体浓度、香蕉呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、果肉硬度与果皮色的变化。结果表明:机能性薄膜并不能有效地吸附去除包装内的乙烯气体;在一定温度下,薄膜的透气性是影响自发气调包装效果的主要因素。     

不同包装方式对模拟物流配送杨梅品质的影响

杨梅在充分预冷后(果心温度达(0±0.5)℃),分别采用不同厚度泡沫箱、塑料气调箱结合冰块(250 m L)、生物蓄冷剂(125 m L)等不同方式组合包装,研究模拟物流配送环境条件下(27~30℃,相对湿度60%~70%),各式包装内杨梅果实的升温特性及出库24 h、36 h生理及感官品质的变化。结果表明:蓄冷效果好的包装能保持模拟物流配送杨梅较好的品质,3.2 cm厚的泡沫箱(1.5 kg/箱)结合4个生物冰袋的蓄冷时间可达36 h,能维持杨梅果实较好的感官品质及硬度,膜脂过氧化程度较低,常温下40 h仍具有商品性。     

不同包装对贮藏豇豆营养品质的影响

[目的]寻求适宜贮藏豇豆的包装方式。[方法]以之豇-28为试材,研究了不同薄膜包装材料对豇豆贮藏期间的锈斑指数、失重率和纤维素、叶绿素、Vc含量的影响。[结果]在(12±2)℃贮藏温度下,采用0.03mmPE膜包装袋的豇豆呼吸强度较大,叶绿素和Vc含量降低;采用哈尔滨北方保鲜研究所提供的0.02mm透湿薄膜袋,可明显降低豇豆失重率,延缓纤维素含量的上升,较好地保持叶绿素和Vc含量,但对贮藏豇豆锈斑指数的影响不明显;采用"透湿薄膜包装袋+打孔"包装的豇豆失重率较高,叶绿素含量降低,纤维素含量升高加快,但该处理能使豇豆保持较高的Vc含量。[结论]综合考虑,采用0.02mm透湿薄膜包装袋包装豇豆较为理想。     

Integrated crop management of chickpea in environments of Bangladesh prone to Botrytis grey mould

Botrytis grey mould (BGM) is the major constraint to chickpea production in Bangladesh and is considered primarily responsible for that country's recent drastic decrease in chickpea production. There is no substantial host plant resistance to BGM in current chickpea cultivars, but component studies have developed various agronomic options to manage the disease. These include reduced seed rate, delayed sowing and thinning of plants to ensure an open canopy, and need-based foliar application of fungicide. These components were combined with other agronomic requirements for the target region, such as application of phosphate fertilizer, pest management measures against chickpea pod borer, and fungicidal seed treatment against collar rot. The resultant integrated crop management (ICM) package was compared with normal farmer practice (FP) for chickpea cultivation in farmer-managed, operational scale plots at 100 locations across five districts in western Bangladesh in the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 seasons. Grain yields in ICM plots were generally 15–50% higher than in FP in both seasons. Conduct of these on-farm evaluations in two additional districts in 2004–2005 gave similar results. In 2004–2005, 505 farmer-managed demonstrations were conducted in the five original districts, giving a 5–104% yield advantage (district means) of ICM over FP. In 2005–2006, 642 demonstrations were conducted across the eight districts giving district-wise yield advantages of 27–70%. Effective implementation of BGM management practices by participating farmers demonstrated that remunerative and reliable chickpea yields could be obtained in this BGM-prone environment. The ICM strategy evolved has relevance to other chickpea growing regions prone to BGM in South Asia, Australia and the Americas. Studies are now required on the adoption of components of the ICM package, and the underlying reasons, to identify any adoption constraints and thus guide further promotion of chickpea cultivation.     

基于回收快递包装的板式家具用材研究

快递包装是一种数量大、回收率低的特殊包装材料,在包装过程中各类材料的重叠使用,不利于后期的回收利用。通过当前再生材料用于家具制造的相关理念和工艺特征的分析,以及快递包装所用材料的数量及相互关联性的调研,提出了简化快递包装回收分类以用作板式家具用材的构想。针对板式家具用材特点,总结出原材料所带来的污染是制约板式家具发展的主要"瓶颈",在满足用户、企业、国家政策三方面要求的前提下,确定了以材料为导向的板式家具用材开发策略,并提出了几种利用回收快递包装材料制板的构想。     

聚乙烯薄膜小包装对黄瓜保鲜效果及其机制

采用厚度为0.008 mm和0.012 mm两种低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)薄膜分别包装1根、2根、3根黄瓜后,在室温条件下贮藏,通过对黄瓜质量损失率、果形等变化的观测,得出厚度为0.012 mm的LDPE薄膜对3根装的黄瓜保鲜效果最佳。在此基础上,测定了黄瓜营养指标(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原性Vc含量)与生理指标(相对膜透性、保护酶系统、呼吸速率及乙烯释放量等)。结果表明,LDPE薄膜能显著减少黄瓜营养的流失,增大超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,保护细胞膜系统的完整性,抑制呼吸,进而减缓衰老速度,起到保鲜的作用。相比对照的2 d商品保鲜期,该处理可达6 d。     

包装方式对冰温贮藏鲩鱼片品质的影响

以臭氧减菌处理的鲩鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)片为原料,研究采用真空(Ⅰ)、100%CO2(Ⅱ)、75%CO2+25%N2(Ⅲ)、55%CO2+45%N2(Ⅳ)等4种不同包装方式的鲩鱼片在冰温贮藏期间品质的变化,以探讨包装方式对冰温贮藏鲩鱼片品质的影响。结果表明:包装方式对冰温贮藏过程中鲩鱼片品质变化有明显影响;以挥发性盐基氮为评价指标,采用100%CO2包装方式和真空包装方式的鲩鱼片在冰温贮藏28d时,均还保持1级鲜度,且采用100%CO2包装方式时,汁液损失率较少;冰温贮藏过程中,鲩鱼片中革兰氏阳性菌增多、革兰氏阴性菌减少;CO2能有效抑制总菌数的增加和假单胞菌的生长,且随着CO2浓度的升高,抑制效果增强。     

草业职业教育借鉴澳大利亚AHC10培训包的探讨

《农业、园林、保护和土地管理培训包AHC10》是指导澳大利亚农业职业教育与培训的纲领性文件,本文展示了AHC10培训包内容和结构。借鉴能力标准和考评指南,有助于全面准确地反映我国草产业职业教育岗位所需以及界定草产业岗位知识技能等级,为完善我国国家职业资格制度打好基础。遵循草地农业系统4个生产层理论,本文列举了草业职业教育核心和选修能力单元,为草产业编写能力标准提供参考。同时提出了将能力标准落实于教学的构想,可以为提升我国草产业职业教育提供参考。     

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND LANDSCAPE PIANNING

This paper introduces a concept and development of the geographical information system(GIS), and outlines its use program in application to landscape planning and also presents anp useful GIS software by a practical example of landscape suitable analysis.     

A new data base computer package for plant breeders

Summary A computer data base package, specifically designed to be used to store data collected from a plant breeding programme is described. The package will do many of the routine clerical operations involved in plant breeding, such as producing plot labels, field plans, genotype lists and data tabulations. It also has several statistical analysis routines, and routines which allow the user to examine and manipulate data. The package is user friendly since it was designed to be operated by plant breeders rather than computing specialists. Although it was written to handle data collected from a plant breeding programme, the package is flexible and could be used for a number of different applications.