包装管理视角下农药包装废弃物回收项目实施的困境与思考

为了解农药包装现状及其对项目实施可能产生的影响,对广州市增城区西境村进行了19个月的回收测试,结果显示:样本农户使用的农药种类达220种,涉及5个国家及21个国内省市的147家农药生产企业;农药剂型丰富,但存在非标准剂型;农药包装规格繁多,标准化程度低,且以小包装为主。这些特点直接影响了农药包装的回收利用、回收过程监管以及成本控制等方面,也使得农药包装上的信息价值未得到重视。基于此,制定并完善农药包装回收法规实施细则、加强农药包装标准化工作迫在眉睫,同时应创新农药包装废弃物回收模式与回收技术,提高回收价值链的附加价值。     

一种基于RFID的出境木质包装数字防伪系统

本文提出了一种基于射频电子标签（RFID）技术的数字证书，用于出境木质包装的防伪认证。该数字证书使用MD5数字摘要和RSA公钥加密技术，难以伪造，并具备追溯功能。同时，证书认证方式简单快捷，保证了在高精度的条件下加快了检验检疫工作人员的检查质量。     

Overexpression of miR-132 attenuates Alzheimer disease-like learning and memory impairment

AIM: To obtain miR-132 lentivirus and to detect the effect of miR-132 overexpression on the improvement of learning and memory impairment in Tg2576 mice. METHODS: The pri-miR-132 gene was purified from mouse brain and cloned into lentivirus vector pLenti7.3-miR-132. The miR-132 lentivirus was packaged by co-transfected pLenti7.3-miR-132 with ViraPower Packaging Mix into 293FT cells. The miR-132 lentivirus was purified 72 h later from the supernatant by ultracentrifugation and poly(ethylene glycol) method. The efficiency of miR-132 lentivirus was identified by transfection into N2A cells and mouse hippocampus region. Tg2576 mice were injected with miR-132 virus in the hippocampus region and the expression of learning- and memory-related proteins and functions were determined. RESULTS: miR-132 lentivirus expression vector was constructed successfully. The purified virus was obtained with transfection activity. Tg2576 mice with overexpression of miR-132 had a significant improvement in learning and memory abilities. CONCLUSION: miR-132 lentivirus with biological activity was obtained. Overexpression of miR-132 in the hippocampus region of Tg2576 mice attenuates the learning and memory impairment.     

木塑复合包装材料的性能评价

通过大量的测量数据,利用SPSS分析,提出木塑复合材料性能较为科学的评价方法及性能评价指标.研究表明:木塑复合材料是一种发展前景广阔的代木包装材料,是突破包装材料贸易绿色壁垒的有效途径之一.     

安哥诺李冷藏条件下不同保鲜处理效果的研究

选用八成熟安哥诺李为试材,将果实预冷至0℃后,采用三种保鲜方式进行处理：1 PVC保鲜袋包装,袋内放置高锰酸钾乙烯吸收剂和仲丁胺盐缓释防腐剂;2袋内放置高锰酸钾乙烯吸收剂;3果实置于泡沫箱中,再将泡沫箱装入硅窗保鲜袋内。果实均于（0±0.5）℃的冷库内贮藏100 d,研究不同处理的保鲜效果。结果表明,李果冷藏100 d均未出现腐烂,说明腐烂并不是制约其长期贮藏的主导因素,而严重的果肉褐变和风味下降才是影响安哥诺李长期贮藏的瓶颈;在0℃贮藏70 d之内,三种处理李子的果皮、果肉颜色、风味与入贮前相比虽然有些变化,但并不影响其商品性,能够较好地保持短期贮藏李子的感官品质。总体上,处理1的保鲜效果要优于处理2和处理3,处理3的果实褐变最严重。     

硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇贮藏品质的影响

为了提高茶树菇的贮藏品质,通过采用硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇进行贮藏,研究硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、可溶性果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和粗纤维含量的变化情况。结果表明：与普通气调包装相比,硅窗气调包装贮藏的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量下降较慢,而粗纤维含量、可溶性果胶含量及游离氨基酸含量增加较少。由此得出,硅窗气调包装是一种贮藏茶树菇比较好的方法,用这一方法贮藏的茶树菇保持了较多的糖类和蛋白质,保持了较好的口感和相应的脆度,具有更好的贮藏品质。     

新疆主栽杏品种动态运输模拟试验

[目的]筛选出较耐贮运的新疆主栽杏品种及其较适宜动态贮运和包装的方式.[方法]以冷藏车为运输工具,结合常规和专用2种包装方式,对新疆主栽的9个杏品种进行4 000 km动态运输模拟试验,待运回保鲜库后,测定9个杏品种果实的失水率和腐烂率;对使用专用包装的杏果实进行常温货架期模拟试验,期间测定果实的失水率、腐烂率、硬度和可溶性固形物含量.[结果]赛买提1号杏、索克赛买提杏、明星杏、胡安娜杏及小白杏5个品种较耐贮运;初步确认产地及时预冷结合专用包装采用冷藏车(温度为1～5℃;湿度为65;～90;)运输是新疆杏动态贮运的较适宜方式.[结论]专用包装还需进一步改进,同时可考虑不同采摘成熟度对新疆杏贮运效果和货架期品质的影响.     

Assessment of some major yield-limiting factors on maize production in a humid temperate environment

Despite the availability of modern hybrids and better agronomic practices, there existed large gaps between attainable yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown with recommended practices and producers’ harvest yields in the humid temperate regions of eastern Canada. A field experiment was conducted for 3 years in Ottawa, Canada, to determine the most important management yield-limiting factor(s) on rainfed maize grain production. A package of recommended practices (RP) was composed with the recommended levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), micronutrients, chemical weed control, and plant population density (PPD). Each factor was modified from the RP, making a total of 11 treatments. Under the low occurrence of diseases or insects, weed infestation was the most important yield-limiting factor, which reduced grain yield by 27–38%. While lack of preplant N application (100 kg ha⁻¹) reduced yield by 10–22%, there was no yield increment with additional sidedressing N (50 kg N ha⁻¹). Grain yield was reduced by 8–13% with low PPD (60,000 plants ha⁻¹) in all years, whereas increasing PPD to 90,000 plants ha⁻¹ did not improve yield, compared with the RP. Withhold P application did not affect yield in all years, but yield was reduced by up to 13% in the absence of K, and by 10% and 12% without Zn or Mn, respectively, in 1 year. Our results indicated that lack of weed control (i.e. herbicide use) was the major yield-limiting factor followed by fertilizer N and PPD. The responses of grain yield to K, Zn, and Mn were site and/or year specific. Our study provided experimental data and an insight understanding of yield gap between genotype's yield potential achievable with recommended practices and yields with producers’ practices.     

不同温度下充氧包装的活品海湾扇贝品质变化

为延长海湾扇贝贮运过程中的存活期并保证其品质,将海湾扇贝平铺放入HDPE材质的包装袋(32 cm×25 cm),并充入体积分数为99.9%的氧气,密封后将充氧包装的海湾扇贝分别置于0、5、10、15℃4个不同温度下,探讨不同温度对其品质的影响。试验结果显示,密封充氧包装的海湾扇贝较低温条件下的存活率、感官评价分值和糖原明显高于同一时间的较高温条件,同时较高温条件下质量损失率、色度差、细菌总数上升速度均高于较低温条件。其中,0℃条件下无水保活效果最好,11 d出现死亡,15 d全部死亡。首次出现死亡时间比5、10、15℃组分别延长5、7、9 d;全部死亡时间比5、10、15℃组分别延长4、5、9 d。0℃条件下,其感官评价分值在0～4 d内接近满分,颜色变化最小,其色度差为3.98。综合各项指标变化,0℃条件下有利于延长充氧包装内海湾扇贝的保活时间,有效保持海湾扇贝活品品质。研究结果为活品海湾扇贝密封充氧保活保鲜技术提供数据参考。     

不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯处理对蓝莓贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）结合自发气调包装（MAP）对蓝莓冷藏期间保鲜效果的影响,以‘莱克西’蓝莓为试材,采后2 h内入预冷库,装入气调箱并对其进行0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L 1-MCP处理,冷链车运输96 h后入冰温库（（-0.5±0.3）℃）贮藏,每10 d测定蓝莓的品质指标、生理指标和挥发性成分。结果表明：MAP结合3种浓度1-MCP处理均能延缓蓝莓果实硬度的下降,保持相对较高的花色苷、VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,抑制呼吸峰值和乙烯生成速率。利用SPSS主成分分析得出各处理的保鲜效果排序为：MAP+1.0μL/L 1-MCP>MAP+1.5μL/L 1-MCP>MAP+0.5μL/L 1-MCP>MAP。在蓝莓贮藏过程中醛类（52.34%～86.13%）和萜类（7.26%～32.44%）是其主要挥发性成分,MAP+1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理的蓝莓果实能保持较高的醛类物质和萜类物质相对含量。综上,MAP结合1.0μL/L1-MCP处理对蓝莓的保鲜效果最佳。