Response of strawberry to organic versus inorganic fertilizers

The aim of this research was designed in order to optimize integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) through balanced fertilization of organic, inorganic and microbial inoculants in strawberry cv. Chandler. The potential efficiency of bio-organics used along with chemical fertilizers on cropping behaviour, physical-chemical and biological properties of rhizosphere soil, fruit yield, quality attributes and leaf nutrient content was investigated. The significant improvement in physico-chemical properties of the soil and nutrient uptake was recorded. The uninoculated control received farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) recorded the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic carbon (OC) content. Highest available N and phosphorus (P) of soil were recorded in vermicompost and inorganic N applied in two and one split, respectively. The concentration of micronutrients cations viz., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in soil was higher in treatment received vermicompost and inorganic N in two splits. The integration of bio-organic nutrient supplements also significantly enriched the microbial status of the rhizosphere soil, leaf nutrient concentration and maintained soil health and productivity on long term basis for sustainable fruit production.     

稻草不同途径还田对土壤结构及有机质特征的影响

通过3年的田间定位试验,系统的研究了稻草不同途径还田对稻田土壤容重、孔隙度、团聚体、有机碳总量、腐殖质组成及腐殖质结合形态的影响。结果表明,与无肥(CK)及纯施化肥(NPK)对照相比,稻草直接深埋还田(NPK+S)及利用后的菌渣、牛粪、沼渣深埋还田(NPK+FD、NPK+CD、NPK+BD)均能一定程度的降低土壤容重、增加孔隙度、增加>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的数量和提高土壤团聚体的稳定性,有利于形成和保持良好的土壤结构;同时能提高土壤腐殖质中胡敏酸含量和HA/FA比值,增加松结态腐殖质含量和提高松/紧腐殖质比值,能一定程度的改善土壤腐殖质的组成、性质及结合形态,提高腐殖质品质,不过这4个处理间的差异不明显。稻草焚烧还田(NPK+S′)在以上方面效果均不显著,且带来严重的大气污染,并不可取。     

有机肥及DMPP对蔬菜生产及硝态氮淋失的影响

研究在等氮条件下有机无机肥配施及添加硝化抑制剂DMPP(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐)对蔬菜产量、品质及土壤硝态氮淋失的影响,旨在为蔬菜安全生产和地下水环境质量保护提供理论依据。采用大型原状土柱系统,连续种植3季蔬菜(蕹菜、苋菜和萝卜),以施有机肥的氮素量占总氮施用量的质量分数为依据,设置8个施肥处理:不施肥(CK)、纯化肥(CF)、30%有机肥+70%无机肥(30%OM)、50%有机肥+50%无机肥(50%OM)、70%有机肥+30%无机肥(70%OM)、纯化肥+DMPP(CF+DMPP)、30%有机肥+70%无机肥+DMPP(30%OM+DMPP)和50%有机肥+50%无机肥+DMPP(50%OM+DMPP)。结果表明:1)随有机肥施用比例增大,蔬菜产量呈下降趋势,但施用比例不高于50%时产量下降不显著;随有机肥施用比例增大土壤硝态氮淋失量及蔬菜硝酸盐均降低,50%OM处理土壤淋失液硝态氮平均浓度及淋失量较CF处理显著降低了29.29%和25.39%,氮肥表观利用率及表观淋失率分别为22.60%和8.82%。2)硝化抑制剂DMPP对蔬菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响与蔬菜种类和种植季候密切相关,降低土壤硝态氮淋失的效果为CF+DMPP30%OM+DMPP50%OM+DMPP,但DMPP的抑制效果会随有机肥的比例增加而降低。50%OM+DMPP处理氮肥表观淋失率和表观利用率分别为4.70%和26.26%。3)试验期间,3季蔬菜水分输入(降雨和灌溉)分别为总水分输入量的49.82%(蕹菜季)、23.03%(苋菜季)和27.15%(萝卜季);水分淋失量为总淋失量的46.75%(蕹菜季)、19.66%(苋菜季)和33.59%(萝卜季);硝态氮淋失量为总淋失量的73.77%(蕹菜季)、2.31%(苋菜季)和23.92%(萝卜季)。研究表明,50%OM+DMPP处理,是保证蔬菜产量品质,同时有效降低土壤硝态氮淋失量的最优处理;降雨和施肥措施是影响土壤硝态氮淋失的重要因素,合理配施有机肥及添加DMPP并根据蔬菜生长需肥特性进行施肥能有效应对连续降雨造成的硝态氮大量淋失。     

气相色谱-嗅觉测量法鉴定蒌蒿中的香气化合物

 采用顶空固相微萃取法提取了蒌蒿样品中的挥发性成分, 利用气相色谱-嗅觉测量法(GC-O)并结合气相色谱质谱联用分析(GC - MS) , 鉴定了萎蒿中的香气化合物。共检出21个呈香化合物, 基于其嗅感强度, 反式- 2 - 己烯醛、水芹烯、顺式- 罗勒烯、3 - 崖柏酮、樟脑, 黄瓜醛、( - ) - 龙脑和( - ) - 乙酸龙脑酯被认定为形成蒌蒿香气的重要化合物。     

施肥对黑麦草生长和产量的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同施肥措施对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)生长、叶绿素含量和鲜草产量的影响.结果表明,氮磷钾肥配合施用(NPK)、等氮量的有机肥(OM)处理均显著促进黑麦草的生长和提高其鲜草产量.NPK处理的黑麦草分蘖数、株高、表观叶面积较不施肥对照(CK)、不施氮(PK)和不施磷(NK)处...     

鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在温室樱桃番茄上的应用效果研究

为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69％,含糖量可提高11.94％,茎粗可提高8.76％,Vc含量可提高5.72％,产量可提高30.95％,节约成本1.32％,可有...     

Changes in the microbial community structure in soils treated with a mixture of glucose and peptone with reference to the respiratory quinone profile

Based on the respiratory quinone profile, changes in the structure of microbial communities in the soil samples from Nagoya University Farm were monitored after the treatment with 1% of a mixture of glucose and peptone. Samples of two soils differing in the fertilization history were examined: CF-soil with the application of only chemical fertilizers and FYM-soil with the application of only farmyard manure at a high rate. In the CF-soil, the amount of water-soluble organic carbon (WOC), indicator of the mixture of glucose and peptone, decreased to the original level after 14 d. After 7 d, the soil pH reached the maximum level, then decreased gradually. Changes in the inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract also reflected the 14-d period of mineralization. The amount of respiratory quinones reached maximum levels after 7 d and gradually decreased, reflecting the changes in the microbial biomass. The quinone composition significantly changed during the 14-d period and returned to a profile similar to the original one after 28 d. Diversity of quinones significantly decreased during the 14-d period due to the predominance of ubiquinone with 9 isoprenoid units. In the FYM-soil, the amount of WOC decreased to the original level after 1 d, and the pH and inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract reflected the one-day mineralization period, and nitrification started after 3 d. Although the amount of quinones indicated an increase in the microbial biomass for 14 d, the quinone composition did not change. These findings suggested that long-term application of farmyard manure resulted in stable microbial communities in response to the incorporation of organic matter in soil.     

保定市工业废水农灌的研究

本文论述了保定市工业废水经农灌土地处理,对土壤、地下水和农作物品质的影响。结果表明:以造纸、食品、轻纺和化工为主的工业废水在重金属常年不超出农灌标准下,宜于在非盐化土壤灌溉;废水中硫化物超标,通过土壤生物区系,能降低毒性;废水中常规有机物,农灌后利大于害;只要在土壤容量允许内,可具有二级污水处理工艺不能完成的效果。     

番茄施用纪高氨基酸有机肥试验效果分析

通过纪高氨基酸有机肥对番茄应用的试验研究,结果表明应用纪高氨基酸有机肥能使番茄植株生长健壮,具有明显的增产抗病效果。     

利用通径分析研究土壤不同形态硫对有机质的影响

用通径分析的方法分析了不同形态硫对土壤有机质的作用。结果表明 :在影响土壤有机质的诸多硫组分中 ,以全硫为主 ,其次是未知态硫和全硫的共同作用 ,再次是碳键硫和全硫的共同作用 ,脂键硫排在第九位。有机硫起主要作用