班公湖-怒江缝合带中段构造演化再探讨

对于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段的拼合时间,根据藏北地区中部侏罗纪生物礁发育的层位和其变化规律及含礁地层与下伏地层的接触关系,认为该缝合带中段拼合于中侏罗世末期或晚侏罗世初期(沙木罗组沉积期之前),生物礁的生长代表了班公湖-怒江缝合带拼合后的残留盆地浅海相沉积。研究表明班公湖-怒江缝合带中段在演化过程中经历了洋盆裂谷阶段(～P1)、初始洋盆和成熟大洋阶段(T～J2)、洋内俯冲(J2～J3)、残余洋盆阶段(J2～J3)、洋盆消亡闭合阶段(J3～K1)。     

有机氮和无机氮配施对香料烟产值及上部叶品质的影响

在浙江绍兴烟区采用大田试验,研究了在等氮条件下,有机氮部分替代无机氮对香料烟产值及上部叶品质的影响。结果表明,在合适的有机氮和无机氮比例下,有利于香料烟的产量、产值及上等烟比例的提高,上部叶（A1）烟碱、总氮含量的减少,同时有利于上部烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比、钾、氯、矿质元素的增加。对浙江绍兴烟区而言,有机氮和无机氮比例为50∶50时,香料烟产量、产值最高,上部烟叶的品质最好。     

数字式蜂蜜含水率检测仪设计

对蜂蜜含水率的检测应提供便携、快速、精确、适于在线检测且能克服温度对测量结果影响的仪器。在实验基础上,基于蜂蜜电导率的检测原理,设计了数字式蜂蜜含水率检测仪。以洋槐蜂蜜为对象,通过实验建立了蜂蜜含水率（17%～43%）、温度（5～40℃）和电导率之间的数学模型。以8位单片机为控制器,DJS—1型电极为电导率传感器,DS18B20为温度传感器,设计了检测仪的硬件系统,利用单片机C语言编写程序。检测实验结果表明：每个样品的测量时间在3s内,测量精度为±0.5%。     

基于BP神经网络的牡丹花热风干燥含水率预测模型

针对热风干燥制作牡丹压花时含水率不便实时测定的问题,探讨了干燥过程中热风温度、风速、压花板孔密度和牡丹花初始质量对干燥速率的影响.利用BP神经网络建立了干燥时间、热风温度、风速、牡丹花初始质量、压花板孔密度与牡丹花干燥过程中含水率之间的关系模型,采用Matlab神经网络工具箱对模型参数进行训练和模拟.结果表明,利用神经网络建立的模型仿真结果与实测值接近,预测性较好.     

双针结构土壤水分传感器探针最优长度分析与试验

在两针平行式探针结构的阻抗模型的基础上,进一步理论推导了终端开路式和终端短路式两种类型土壤水分传感器探针长度与阻抗特性的关系.借助高频分析软件HFSS确定了两针平行式土壤水分传感器的最佳探针结构,并采用有机溶液模拟土壤体积含水率进行了试验,试验结果表明:终端开路式和终端短路式土壤水分传感器探针长度在0 ～8.3 cm时,其土壤体积含水率测量范围达到0～100％.     

四波段作物冠层分析仪设计

为解决当前作物氮素分析成本较高、分析过程复杂、分析时间长等问题,设计了一款基于光谱学原理的四波段作物冠层分析仪,通过快速检测作物冠层植被指数预测作物长势.分析仪主要由控制单元和测量单元组成.控制单元只含一个控制器,该控制器作为整个无线传感网络的协调器,负责将各个传感器节点发送的数据进行分类、显示以及存储等,并根据测量结果计算作物营养成分含量.测量单元则由多个光学传感器组成,主要负责光学信号的采集、放大、发送等.每个传感器可以在4个光学波段进行测量,分别是绿色植物可见光主要反射峰550 nm,可见光主要吸收波段650 nm,近红外波段766、850 nm.标定试验显示光学传感器工作稳定,仪器具有较高的精度.初步玉米田间试验表明,仪器的测量结果与玉米叶片全氮含量的相关系数达到0.884.     

Short and long‐term distribution with depth of soil organic carbon and nutrients under traditional and conservation tillage in a Mediterranean environment (southwest Spain)

The impacts of tillage and cropping sequences on soil organic matter and nutrients have been frequently reported to affect the uppermost soil layers, but there is little published information concerning effects at greater depth. This article reports results on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), active carbon (AC), N, Olsen‐P and extractable K within 100 cm in short (4 yr) and long (16 yr) term experiments under different tillage systems. Short (TT₄) and long (TT₁₆) traditional tillage are compared with conservation tillage, reduced (RT₁₆) and non‐tillage (NT₄). The results show more accumulation of SOC in the near‐surface under RT₁₆ and NT₄ in both experiments compared with traditional tillage. Moreover, greater C content occurs to 40 cm depth in the long‐term experiment. The results demonstrate the importance of time on C accumulation, not only in near‐surface layers but also at greater depths. Active C is an indicator of the increase in soil quality in the long‐term experiment. This trend is only apparent for the first 10 cm in the short‐term experiment. Patterns in N, Olsen‐P and extractable K are similar to that of SOC. However, only extractable K is significantly greater in soil under conservation tillage (RT₁₆ and NT₄) after short and long periods. Potassium availability is a good indicator of the changes caused by tillage. Our results indicate that studies of soils at depth could be very useful in long‐term experiments to demonstrate the effect of conservation tillage on C and nutrient distribution.     

Physico‐chemical characterization of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes and their potential application to the manufacture of new types of phosphate‐based fertilizers

The aim of this review is to describe the main physicochemical characteristics of diverse types of humic‐metal‐phosphate acid complexes. The effects of these complexes on phosphorus (P) fixation in soils with different pH values and physicochemical features and on plant phosphorus uptake are also discussed. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes have apparent stability constants in the same range as those of metal‐humic complexes, in solutions with diverse pH and ionic‐strength values. Likewise, the molecular‐size distribution of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes as a function of pH is similar to that of potassium or sodium humates and metal‐humic complexes. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase plant growth and phosphate uptake. Phosphorus fertilizers containing humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes proved to be efficient to improve plant growth and P uptake with respect to conventional fertilizers such as single superphosphate. The values of parameters related to plant phosphorus‐utilization efficiency (PUt E) suggest that the regulation of root acquisition of phosphate from these complexes could involve the interregulation of a system for the optimization of metabolic P utilization in the shoot and another system involving stress responses of roots under phosphorus deficiency.     

喷施不同浓度有机硅肥对热带地区甜瓜产量和品质的影响

[目的]探讨有机硅肥在热带设施甜瓜上的施用效果,为热带设施甜瓜合理使用有机硅肥提供实践依据.[方法]开展大棚试验,按喷施有机硅肥浓度水平组合设4个处理,分别为伸蔓期稀释倍数为1000倍,其他时期800倍(T1);伸蔓期稀释倍数为800倍,其他时期600倍(T2);伸蔓期稀释倍数为700倍,其他时期400倍(T3);伸蔓期稀释倍数为600倍,其他时期300倍(T4);以清水为对照(CK),研究不同浓度喷施对热带设施甜瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响.[结果]喷施有机硅肥的T2、T3处理甜瓜株高显著高于其他处理(P＜0.05,下同);各处理甜瓜茎粗差异不显著(P＞0.05,下同);相比处理,喷施有机硅肥处理的甜瓜叶面积、叶片SPAD值和果实纵横径均显著增加,收获时间可提前1～2d;随着浓度的增加,产量呈增加趋势,较CK分别增产9.95％、23.70％、24.45％和26.20％.其中产量最高的处理为伸蔓期喷施600倍液,其他时期300倍液的处理(29.50 t/ha).[结论]喷施有机硅肥可提高甜瓜产量和品质,建议使用叶面喷施有机硅肥的稀释倍数为伸蔓期600倍、其他时期300倍.     

岷江上游森林/干旱河谷交错带不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳和活性有机碳特征

研究了岷江上游森林/干旱河谷交错带川滇高山栎次生林、人工刺槐林、灌木林地、灌丛地、经济林和农耕地6种土地利用类型的土壤有机碳及微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和易氧化碳。结果表明:6种土地利用类型土壤有机碳及3种活性有机碳含量以川滇高山栎次生林高于或显著高于其他土地类型(p<0.05),以农耕地低于或显著低于其他土地类型(p<0.05)。6种土地利用类型的土壤平均有机碳含量(13.65g/kg)低于同区域土壤的平均有机碳含量(17 g/kg)。6种土地利用类型的土壤微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和土壤易氧化碳占有机碳的比率分别介于1.36%~2.35%,0.82%~1.34%和7.77%~10.50%之间。研究结果说明交错带6种土地利用类型的土壤有机碳含量较低,有不断下降的趋势,且活性大,容易转化。因此,减少人为干扰对于维持和增加森林/干旱河谷交错带土壤有机碳具有重要的作用。