不同能量摄入水平对围产期奶牛生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度影响的研究

将健康的围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组, 每组10头。其中Ⅱ组为对照组, Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均于产前28d开始分别饲喂NRC标准减少20%日粮(能量摄入80%组)、NRC标准日粮(能量摄入100%组)、NRC标准增加20%日粮(能量摄入120%组), 产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准日粮, 至产后56d结束。观察妊娠后期奶牛不同能量水平对干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分及体重等生产性能和血浆瘦素浓度的影响。试验结果表明: 奶牛产后干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳中蛋白质、乳脂率和非固体物质为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组(P>0 05 ); 同时血浆瘦素浓度为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组, 经统计分析组间差异极显著(P<0 01) 或差异显著(P<0 05); 但产前28~14d瘦素浓度组间差异均不显著(P>0 05 ), 此后Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0 05 )。此外, Ⅰ组体重消耗最小, Ⅲ组体重消耗最大, 各组间差异极显著(P<0 01)。可见, 围产期健康奶牛不同能量水平与干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分、体重等生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度之间存在着密切的关系。     

不同利用方式对新源县春秋草地土壤理化性质的影响

通过调查确定了新源县则克台镇春秋草地的4种利用方式：打草、自由放牧、分段放牧、划区轮牧,对比分析了不同利用方式下的土壤理化性质。结果表明,自由放牧方式土壤砂粒含量最高,平均达到21.23%,粉粒含量最低,且在10～20 cm土层显著高于划区轮牧方式（P<0.05）。4种利用方式下,土壤容重为1.08～1.26 g·cm-3,土壤没有表现出压实效应。放牧利用方式下土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量高于打草地,其中,划区轮牧和自由放牧草地土壤有机质含量高于分段放牧方式,自由放牧方式仅使土壤表层碱解氮显著升高,其土壤速效钾和有效磷的含量均低于分段放牧和划区轮牧。因此,划区轮牧和分段放牧是研究区较为合理的利用方式,可防止土壤养分降低。但是,与划区轮牧相比,分段放牧使土壤表层砂粒含量增高,容重增大,有机质含量降低,所以,采用分段放牧时,应适当降低利用强度。     

改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.     

菠萝皮发醇生产饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究

菠萝皮是菠萝加工产生的副产物,为了将菠萝加工企业废弃的菠萝皮有效利用,实现资源的再生,缓解目前蛋白饲料的不足,进行了本研究.结果表明,采用绿色木霉和产朊假丝酵母混合菌种发酵,添加麸皮20%、硫酸铵3%、尿素2%,料水比11,自然pH值,30℃发酵5 d,发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量提高到25.38%,经水洗后的粗蛋白含量提高到17.03%,检测的16种氨基酸含量均有很大幅度的提高,其总和从2.89%提高到15.6%,提高率达到439.8%.产品气味芳香,适口性大为改善,可用做牛、羊和鱼等养殖的低蛋白能量饲料.     

北京油鸡及其开发利用

本文简要介绍了北京油鸡的起源、分布及选育情况，重点描述了该品种的外貌特征、生产性能和利用现状，同时，提出了北京油鸡的开发利用思路。     

永川观光农业与资源的可持续利用

永川观光农业近几年有了较大发展,形成了以黄瓜山梨园和茶山竹海为代表的两大类型的观光农业.本文总结了两大类型观光农业的特点,并着重对黄瓜山观光农业区资源可持续的利用状况进行了评价;在分析永川观光农业发展中存在的问题的基础上,对永川观光农业资源可持续利用提出了思路和建议.     

中国野牦牛遗传资源的保存与利用

野牦牛是青藏高原珍贵的野生畜种资源。本文从野牦牛的分布、类型、种群数量以及主要地理分区等方面分析了中国野牦牛遗传资源现状,同时讨论了野牦牛的生物学特性和经济价值,并提出了保存和利用野牦牛遗传资源的措施,对促进高寒牧区生态效益和社会效益有着重要的意义。     

东祁连山高寒草甸灌木和牧草营养成分含量季节变化动态

比较分析了高寒草甸和灌丛草甸中分布的几种优势牧草和灌木的营养成分，发现灌木蛋白质含量高，利用价值大，是一种重要的蛋白质饲草资源。     

Feed consumption,diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates

A feeding trial was conducted to know the level of concentrates in the diet of Antelope cervicapra at which diet digestibility and mineral utilization were optimum. Fifteen blackbucks (25–33 kg BW) were distributed into three groups of five each. Fresh oat (Avena sativa) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) fodders were offered ad libitum to all the animals. In addition, animals in groups II and III received concentrate mixture at the rate of 0.5 and 1% of BW, whereas animals in group I received no concentrates. As the level of concentrates increased, consumption of fodder decreased resulting in decreased consumption of neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), acid detergent fibre (ADFom), hemicellulose and cellulose. However, overall total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake was not significantly different between the groups. Digestibility of DM, OM and gross energy (GE) increased while that of NDFom and ADFom decreased with increased level of concentrates in the diet. Intake of P, Zn, Cu and Mn increased with increased level of concentrate supplementation; however, consumption of Ca and Fe followed the reverse trend. Absorption of P and Zn increased with increased level of concentrate supplementation. Serum concentration of Zn increased when concentrate was supplemented at the rate of 0.5% BW beyond which there was no further improvement. Increasing the level of concentrates in the diet was resulted in increased serum glucose and cholesterol levels. Forage‐only diet was inadequate in supply of energy, P and zinc. Supplementation of concentrates at the rate of 0.5% BW was able to meet the requirement of these nutrients. Supplementation at the rate of 1% BW supplied energy and P in excess of requirement. It was concluded that the feeding of concentrates to the captive blackbuck fed forage‐based diets should be restricted to 0.5% of BW.     

鱼类对饲料中糖的利用研究进展

糖类是鱼类饲料中廉价的能量源,然而,与陆生动物相比,鱼类对饲料中糖的利用能力较低。本文综述了这方面的最新研究进展,包括鱼类对饲料糖的利用能力与鱼饲料中糖的适宜含量、影响因素及鱼类的糖代谢机制。