水果裂果研究进展

综述了国内外对鲜食水果裂果的研究进展，从果实的形态解剖特性、环境因子、栽培措施、矿质营养元素与平衡等方面阐述了裂果发生的机理。认为表皮细胞大、果实角质层薄易于裂果；果实生长前期，土壤含水量不足，果皮发育受到影响，果实发育后期，久旱逢雨，果肉细胞迅速增大可造成裂果；缺钙、钾等矿质元素，易产生裂果。提出了预防裂果的几项措施。     

嘉陵江流域低山丘陵区几种主要森林类型水文特征研究

本文分析了嘉陵江低山丘陵区碗厂沟小流域湿地松林、桤木林、刺槐林以及桤松混交林四种森林类型垂直结构水文特征,得出不同森林类型呈现出不同的水源涵养特征。林冠截流:湿地松>刺槐林>混交林>桤木林;枯枝落叶持水:刺槐林>桤木林>混交林>湿地松林;森林土壤层贮水:桤木林>混交林>刺槐林>湿地松林。     

Optimum planting density for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var.grosseserrata) based on spacing experiment with systematic design

A spacing experiment for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var.grosseserrata) with Nelder's design have been studied at the Kyushu University Forest in Hokkaido, since 1975. The oak seedlings were planted according to systematic spacings which were 20 levels varying gradually from 40,816 to 1,086 seedlings per hectare with concentric circular arcs (22 in number) and spokes (41 in number). In 1992 when the planted oak seedlings were 18-year-old, DBH, crown diameter, total height and clear length of the survival trees were measured. Based on the results obtained from analyzing the relationships between planting density and the mean values of each block, the optimum planting density should be 7,241 seedlings per hectare. The title is tentative translation from the original Japanese title by the authors of this paper.     

中国生漆漆液研究

对生漆三个自然层次漆液的化学成分，显微构造和干燥性能进行分析观察，结果表明，各层漆液中生漆成分含量差异很大，漆酚及四种基本组分（Ｉ～Ⅳ）的含量自上而下明显递增，丙酮粉末，漆酶含量与活性，水分，树胶质和灰分含量自上而下呈递增趋势；生漆成膜的干燥速度以下层最快，镜检观察表明，生漆是一种油包水（Ｗ／Ｏ）型乳状液，本文还提出了分层利用的初步设想。     

富贵草耐阴性的研究

为了探讨富贵草的耐阴性，用黑色遮阴网设置了４种光强（全日照，２４．５％、７．５％和２．５％），对其在不同阴蔽条件下的叶生长性状、叶解剖结构、叶绿素含量、光合性能、高生长和生物量指标进行了研究。结果表明，富贵草不适于在全光照下生长，而适于在光强为全日照２４．５％的条件下生活；弱光（７．５％）下也能较正常生长，但生物量比最适光强（２４．５％）降低４８．０３％，极弱光下虽能维持生活，但生物量只及最适光强的３４．０３％。所以，富贵草适于在２５％～８％的光强下种植。     

基于纳米压痕技术的木材胶合界面力学行为

【目的】研究木材胶合界面的静态和动态力学行为,探讨树脂渗透对木材管胞壁层力学性能的影响,为木质复合材料制造工艺优化和增强改性提供理论依据。【方法】采用纳米压痕静态和动态力学测试技术(Nano-DMA),对针叶材火炬松与酚醛树脂(PF)、脲醛树脂(UF)胶黏剂所形成胶合界面区域各相材料的静态弹性模量、硬度、蠕变性能以及储能模量和损耗模量等力学行为进行分析。【结果】静态力学行为方面,在界面区域,PF和UF渗透进入管胞壁层后,木材管胞壁的弹性模量( E r)和硬度( H )提高;经PF渗透后,木材管胞壁的 E r和 H 分别增加7%和26%;Burgers蠕变力学模型可有效描述胶合界面区域管胞壁的纳米压痕蠕变特性,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的瞬时弹性模量增加,黏弹性模量和黏性系数减小;在保载初期,PF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降60%,UF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降58%。动态力学行为方面,随着加载频率增加,界面材料的储能模量( E ′ r)逐渐增大,而损耗模量( E ″ r)和损耗因子(tan δ)呈减小趋势;当加载频率为10 Hz时,PF和UF树脂渗透使得管胞壁层的储能模量分别增加16%和29%。【结论】胶合界面区域胶黏剂进入管胞壁层,对木材管胞的静态力学性能具有增强作用,同时胶黏剂可提高管胞壁的短期抗蠕变能力;木材管胞壁具有较高的储能模量和损耗模量,而树脂的储能模量和损耗模量较低,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的储能模量增加,但损耗模量和损耗因子呈下降趋势,可能对界面传递和分散应力产生不利影响。     

谈高层建筑疏散楼梯设计中的常见错误

本文对高层建筑疏散楼梯在设计中的一些错误提出了自己的观点及解决办法;阐述了疏散楼梯在设计中的重要性,必须引起设计者的足够重视。     

Ten-year response of the herbaceous layer to an operational herbicide-shelterwood treatment in a northern hardwood forest

Shelterwood seed cutting in conjunction with herbicide site preparation has proven effective at regenerating Allegheny hardwood forests, but the long-term impact of this silvicultural system on herbaceous vegetation has not been determined. From 1994 to 2004, we studied the impacts of operational herbicide site preparation using glyphosate plus sulfometuron methyl herbicides in the context of a shelterwood seed cut. Our study took place on 10 partially cut sites on the Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Half of each site received herbicide and half did not in a split-plot design with repeated measures. Fences were erected after year six because deer impact had increased. Resilience of individual species and the community were determined using measures of percent cover by species or species groups and indices of diversity and similarity comparing post-treatment to pre-treatment conditions and controls. In the short term, abundance of all species was reduced and there were four fewer species on average in treated areas. No species was eliminated by herbicide across all sites in the long term. Graminoids were more abundant on treated plots after year six. Targeted ferns remained less abundant on treated than control plots after 10 years. Species richness recovered within 4 years following treatment. Shannon Diversity and Shannon Evenness were greater in treated than in control plots over the full study period, but the differences were not significant in any single year. The richness-based Jaccard index of similarity did not differ between control and treatment plots after year two, while relative abundance influenced indices showed significant differences through year eight. Results suggest that herbaceous layer vegetation is resilient to the disturbance created by herbicide-shelterwood treatments.     

Effects of light,macronutrients, and sucrose on germination and development of the endangered fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Adiantaceae)

Effects of light, macronutrients strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962), and sucrose in the culture medium on spore germination and gametophyte development of the endangered fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense were investigated. The presence of light was found to be essential for both spore germination and gametophyte growth. Moreover, a medium consisting of 1/4 MS with 15 g/l sucrose was optimal for spore germination and early gametophyte development; whereas, MS medium with 30 g/l sucrose was optimal for further gametophyte development. Increasing amounts of sucrose (45–60 g/l) in the medium delayed gametophyte growth and development. Additionally, sporophyte formation and early growth of gametophytes in a medium consisting of clay and peat (v/v = 1:2) was higher than those in a medium consisting of pure river sand. These findings indicated that requirements for nutrients for spore germination and early gametophyte development of A. reniforme var. sinese were relatively low, but these increased with further gametophyte development, formation and growth of sporophytes.     

三层实木复合地板背板含水率对其变形的影响

采用单因素试验法，探讨了三层结构实木复合地板背板的含水率对地板长度方向变形的影响。结果表明：背板含水率对地板的变形有明显影响，含水率过低或过高时复合地板的变形都较大；背板含水率可依据背板密度的大小而调整，但一般不得高于12％；背板一般使用针叶树材．允许使用软阉叶树材，但含水率的控制相对需严格。含水率控制适当是解决复合地板变形的重要方法之一。