区域森林资源可持续发展评价指标体系浅谈

通过分析研究各国的森林可持续发展的评价指标体系,以可持续发展理论为指导,结合区域森林资源的特点,探讨了构建区域森林资源可持续发展评价指标体系的原则,结构,方法。     

百山祖冷杉森林植物群落的外貌与结构特征研究

百山祖冷杉森林植物群落的优势种群是由常绿的多脉青冈和落叶的亮叶水青冈组成,是一个比较特殊的天然的常绿与落叶阔叶混交林.构成乔木层的树种有8 ～ 9种,分为3个亚层,第1亚层高13m,由百山祖冷杉组成,第2亚层高8 ～ 12m,由多脉青冈和亮叶水青冈优势种群构成主要林冠层,第3亚层高4 ～ 8m,主要由第2亚层优势种群的幼树组成.百山祖冷杉植物群落的物种丰富度为17 ～ 19种,乔木层物种多样性指数明显高于灌木层和草本层,灌木物种主要由箬竹和百山祖玉山竹组成,草本物种主要为莎草科的苔草.     

生态状况内在判断指标体系研究

生态状况内在判断指标是反映生态状况自身变化情况的指标.生态状况处于何种阶段的判断指标,需要从层次性、系统性、现实性、重要性4个方面来考虑.综合考虑包括森林生态状况、土地荒漠化和沙化状况、水土流失状况、生物多样性状况、湿地生态状况、草原生态状况、农田生态状况、城市生态状况等8项指标,8项指标又可以细化为各自的分项指标.通过应用生态综合指数法对生态状况进行分析和综合评估,得出我国生态状况处于治理与破坏相持阶段这一重要结论.     

石竹叶面积指数的测定

通过对石竹叶面积指数测定表明 ,叶面积随胸径的增大而趋于增大 ,当林分密度为 30 0 0 0～ 375 0 0株·hm-2 ,平均直径 2～ 3cm时 ,叶面积指数趋于合理 ,这时产量也最高     

Generalized height–diameter models—an application for major tree species in complex stands of interior British Columbia

Using permanent sample-plot data, selected tree height and diameter functions were evaluated for their predictive abilities for major tree species in complex (multiple age, size and species cohort) stands of interior British Columbia (BC), Canada. Two sets of models were evaluated. The first set included five models for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter, the second set also included five models for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter and other stand-level attributes. The inclusion of the BAL index (which simultaneously indicates the relative position of a tree and stand density) into the base height–diameter models increased the accuracy of prediction for all species. On average, by including stand level attributes, root mean square values were reduced by 30.0 cm. Based on the residual plots and fit statistics, these models can be recommended for estimating tree heights for major tree species in complex stands of interior BC. The model coefficients are documented for future use.     

喀斯特区顶坛花椒适生的土壤水分环境

2005年5月以盆栽顶坛花椒幼苗为对象,在不同水分梯度及充分供水条件下用CI-301 CO2气体分析仪进行林木生理指标观测,研究了顶坛花椒1年生苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效益与土壤含水量的关系,结果表明:维持顶坛花椒净光合作用的最佳土壤含水量为22%,维持顶坛花椒较高蒸腾速率的土壤含水量范围为22.5%～25.6%,气孔导度最大时对应的土壤含水量为25.6%,维持顶坛花椒叶片水分利用效益的最佳土壤含水量为28%,根据喀斯特造林的基本构思,可选取维持最佳叶片水分利用效益的土壤含水量临界值和维持最佳净光合速率的土壤含水量低限值作为喀斯特造林树种顶坛花椒的适宜土壤水分的高限值和低限值。这一指标可量化为22%～28%。     

塞罕坝林场华北落叶松人工林生长模型的研究

对塞罕坝林场华北落叶松人工林标准地的平均木和优势木进行树干解析,通过11m、13m、15m地位指数级的72株平均解析木和36株优势解析木资料,对华北落叶松人工林的胸径、材积与年龄之间的生长过程利用6种数学模型进行拟合,从中选出最优模型,并对模型进行检验,得出结论:在建立生长模型时应分别不同地位指数级进行;不同的生长因子须选择不同的生长模型拟合才能达到最佳效果;通过适应性检验,各回归方程拟合良好。     

雷蘑胞外多糖抗肿瘤活性研究

从雷蘑AS 5.105深层发酵的滤液中分离得到胞外粗多糖CGP,以KM系S180荷瘤小白鼠为实验模型,用免疫器官重量法,进行高、中、低剂量CGP的腹腔注射实验。结果表明,CGP具有较高的抑瘤活性,并与剂量呈显著相关性;高剂量组与对照组相比较,小白鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有显著增加,P<0.05;与低剂量组相比较,脾脏指数有显著增加,P<0.05。表明CGP能明显提高小白鼠的免疫功能。     

Effects of light and microsite conditions on tree size of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica planted in a group selection opening

We examined the extent to which direct and indirect measures of light and microsite conditions could explain variation in tree height and diameter at the base of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica trees planted in a group selection opening of about 0.32 ha on a steep slope at Shiiba, Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. We first used the gap light index (GLI) and soil thickness (ST) as directly measured indices. For an indirect measure of light, we used a between-cohort competition index (BCI) estimated from the position and total height of residual trees. For indirect measures of microsite, we examined topographic indices (slope, plan and profile curvature, average slope gradient, and relative elevation) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with different resolutions ranging from 2 to 10 m. The multiple linear regression using GLI and ST explained about 45% of variation in tree size, while simple regression using only GLI explained about 35%. The contribution of ST was about half of GLI. The multiple regressions using BCI and the topographic indices did not explain any more variation than using BCI alone (R ² of about 0.26). We conclude that microsite conditions with shallower soil and steeper slope have negative effects on tree growth in group selection openings, although the relative importance is smaller than light conditions. More comprehensive studies considering several openings with more heterogeneous topography including different species are needed to generalize our growth prediction using the indirect measures, which are useful for practical forest management.     

立地管理措施对2代4年生杉木林生长的影响

在福建省南平峡阳国有林场开展5种不同立地管理措施对1片29a生第1代杉木人工林采伐后营造的4a生第2代杉木人工林生产力影响的研究。研究结果表明,5种处理的第2代杉木林地位指数与第1代相比均略有下降。BL3BM0(收获树干和树皮、加倍采伐剩余物)处理的4a生2代杉木林生长最好,地位指数仅比1代下降0．67;其次为BL0BM0(收获地上所有有机质)处理,地位指数比1代下降0．85;BL1BM0(清走树木的所有部分)处理杉木生长最差,地位指数下降1．67。炼山处理(BL2BM1)与保留相同数量采伐剩余物而不炼山的处理(BL2BM0)相比,杉木生长没有显著差异。