五味子提取物对AA肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响

选择1日龄的艾维茵肉仔鸡200羽,公母各半,随机分为5个处理,每个处理设4个重复,每个重复10羽。各组间鸡只体重无统计学上的差异(P>0.05),试验全期56d。空白组喂给基础日粮(不添加任何药物),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加黄霉素5mg/kg、0.1%五味子提取物、0.2%五味子提取物、0.4%五味子提取物。分别于35、56日龄剖杀试验鸡,静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清生化指标。结果表明,35日龄时,与空白组相比,添加0.2%五味子提取物可显著降低血清LDL和TG含量;可显著提高血清HDL含量。56日龄时,与空白组相比,0.2%五味子提取物可显著提高HDL、TP的含量(P<0.05);显著降低了TC的含量(P<0.05)。另外,0.4%五味子提取物组与空白组、黄霉素组相比,显著提高了HDL的含量(P<0.05)。添加五味子提取物在一定程度上可降低血清中AST、ALT含量(P>0.05)。     

复合秸秆颗粒饲料生产工艺优化

为了提高牧草类颗粒饲料的生产效率、产品质量和商品化水平,以玉米(Zea mays)秸秆和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草为原料(按照质量比1∶1),研究复合秸秆颗粒饲料的最优生产工艺。首先采用单因素试验设计,设置7个总水分含量,分别为8%、 10%、 13%、 16%、 19%、 22%和25%。通过测定复合秸秆颗粒饲料的成型率筛选出较适宜的水分含量。结果表明,随着水分含量的提高,复合秸秆颗粒饲料的成型率呈下降趋势,总水分含量为8%的成型率显著高于其他处理组(P <0.05)。然后采用L₉ (3⁴)设计正交试验,以总水分含量(8%、10%和13%)、原料粉碎粒度(4、6和8 mm)和模孔直径(6、7和9 mm)为影响因素,以成型率、硬度和密度为检测指标,筛选出复合秸秆颗粒饲料的最优生产工艺参数。影响复合秸秆颗粒饲料质量的主次因素为模孔直径>原料粉碎粒度>水分含量;复合秸秆颗粒饲料生产工艺的最优组合为模孔直径7 mm,粉碎粒度8 mm,总水分含量8%。     

植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

50～75日龄番鸭日粮限制性氨基酸水平研究

本试验旨在研究日粮不同赖氨酸粗蛋白质比例和蛋氨酸(含硫氨基酸)赖氨酸比例对50~75日龄番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标和肌肉品质的影响。试验选用1440只健康50日龄番鸭,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每重复40只鸭,饲喂9种不同赖氨酸粗蛋白质比例(Lys/CP)(分别为5%、5.5%、6%)和蛋氨酸(含硫氨基酸)赖氨酸比例(Me(SAA)t/Lys)(分别为35%(75%)、40%(80%)、45%(85%))的玉米-豆粕型日粮。试验结束时,进行称重,每个重复挑选2只接近平均体重的番鸭进行采血和屠宰。结果显示:①Lys/CP对日均采食量(ADFI)、日均增重(ADG)影响显著,5%和5.5%组显著高于6%组(P<0.05);Me(tSAA)/Lys为40%(80%)的组ADFI显著高于45%(85%)组,40%(80%)组ADG显著高于其他两组,而料肉比显著低于其他两组;②Lys/CP为5%的组血清尿酸和甘油三酯含量显著高于(P<0.05)其他两组;Me(SAA)t/Lys对血清尿酸和甘油三酯含量影响不显著(P>0.05);日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对血清甘油三酯含量存在交互作用;③日粮Lys/CP为5.5%的组胸肌干物质(DM)含量显著高于其他两组,粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于6%组;Me(tSAA)/Lys为35%(75%)和40%(80%)的组胸肌CP含量显著高于45%(85%)组;日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对胸肌DM和CP含量存在交互作用;④日粮Lys/CP为5.5%和6%的组腿肌DM含量显著高于5%组,5.5%组腿肌CP含量显著高于其他两组;Me(tSAA)/Lys为40%(80%)和45%(85%)的组腿肌DM含量显著高于35%(75%)组;日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对腿肌DM和CP含量存在交互作用。     

三种荒漠植物叶绿素荧光参数日变化特征

利用Photosynq MultiseQ多功能植物测量仪测定塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地3种主要防护林植物头状沙拐枣、多枝柽柳和梭梭的叶绿素荧光参数日变化,探讨其与环境因子的关系,以揭示3种植物对极端环境的适应策略,为沙漠公路防护林的管护提供理论依据.结果表明:1)3种土壤都呈碱性;0～30 cm土层中的电导率(EC)远高于30...     

猪支原体肺炎控制和净化评价方法研究进展

简述了猪支原体肺炎各种防控措施的常规评价指标,包括临床症状和发病率的降低、肺部肉变的评分、血清抗体滴度的变化及肺炎支原体病原监测等,介绍了体液免疫和黏膜免疫评价指标分别在猪支原体肺炎灭活疫苗和弱毒活疫苗免疫效力评价中的作用,并对气溶胶中猪肺炎支原体的检测成为猪支原体肺炎防控和净化评价的主要方法之一的可能性进行了论述。     

亚麻籽对育肥期肉牛生长性能和血液指标的影响

[目的]研究在日粮中添加亚麻籽对肉牛生长性能和血液指标的影响。[方法]选择体重接近的西杂牛32头,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为4组,每组8头。[结果]表明:日粮中随着亚麻籽添加水平的提高,日增重由1.59kg/d提高到1.74kg/d,提高9.43%(P0.05);料重比由5.31降低到4.93,相对提高7.16%;粗脂肪的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);血清中游离脂肪酸随着添加比例的提高而升高(P0.05),血清尿素氮、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量随添加水平的提高均有降低趋势。试验组经济收入分别比对组照多收入0.04元,1.41元,1.64元。[结论]①提高日粮中亚麻籽的水平可以显著提高肉牛的生长性能;②可以显著降低血清胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量。③从经济效益的角度和各种指标的综合分析来看,适宜的亚麻籽添加水平为10%～15%。     

A survey on the feeding of eventing horses during competition

Summary This study aims at the comparison of the actual feeding of horses with the recommendations from the literature, and it studies the effects of feeding and exercise on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise. Blood samples were collected from 25 horses during one‐star eventing competitions and evaluated for blood glucose, insulin, lactate, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels. Questionnaires on the feeding practices of the horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training, and on tournament days, horses received on average 4.3 kg of concentrate per day (min. 1.54 kg, max. 8 kg). The statistical analysis showed no significant effect of the amount of concentrate fed before exercise on the measured blood values. Oil was supplied as a supplementary energy source to 30% of the horses, but most of them only received very small quantities (0.02–0.4 l/day). Five horses (20%) had no access to salt supplements at all, and eleven horses (45%) had no access to salt on tournament days. Fifteen horses (60%) were supplied with mineral feed. Twenty‐one horses (84%) had daily access to pasture during the training period. During competition, 55% of the horses received roughage ad libitum, compared with 37% during training. The majority of the horses received less roughage on days before the cross‐country competition. It could not be ascertained whether feeding a large amounts of roughage had a beneficial effect on performance, because only a few horses in this study were fed with very restrictive roughage. Feeding of most of the horses was in agreement with the recommendations from the literature, except the need for sodium and chloride. The sodium and chloride need for sport horses may be overestimated in literature and needs to be re‐evaluated.     

银杏防御素对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在通过在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加银杏防御素,研究其对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响,以期为生产上提供安全、环保、高效的绿色饲料添加剂.试验选择断奶后体重约为7 kg的“杜×长×大”仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复12头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2％银杏防御素的试验饲粮.试验期21 d.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组末重提高了8.92％(P ＜0.05),腹泻率极显著降低(P＜0.01),料重比降低了7.27％(P ＜0.05);血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量分别提高了13.03％(P ＜0.05)、12.27％(P ＜0.05)、7.89％(P ＞0.05),血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量分别提高了19.97％(P ＜0.05)和14.97％(P ＜0.05),血液T淋巴细胞转化率提高了8.25％(P ＞0.05),血液白细胞介素2含量提高了15.25％(P ＜0.01).由此可见,银杏防御素可提高仔猪生长性能和免疫指标,降低腹泻率.