Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Application on Yield and Fatty acid Composition of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Oil

The effects of nitrogen and sulphur on the yield and fatty acid composition of mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) oil were studied in a field experiment. Significantly higher grain and oil yields were obtained with N and S application. Applications of nitrogen up to 60 kg ha⁻¹ and sulphur up to 40 kg ha⁻¹ favourably influenced the grain yield. Increasing levels of N decreased the oil content while application of sulphur improved the oil content. The contents of linoleic and linolenic acid were maximum (16.82 and 8.73%, respectively) with 60 kg N along with 40 kg S ha⁻¹. No use of fertilizers led to higher contents of undesirable fatty acids such as palmitic (hypercholesterimic) and erucic (do not have food value) acids.     

A Method of Analyzing the Parameter Sensitivity of Large Rotor Systems and Its Application

Based upon the eigenvalue sensitivity theory of non-self-adjoit system and the component mode synthesis method,a new technique is developed to analyze the eigenvalue sensitivity to variation of parameters of large rotor-bearing system. As an application, the influence of the journal bearing parameters on the stability of a large domestic turbine-generator set is analyzed and discussed.     

西藏藏东经济鱼类鲜活运输的研究

对藏东高原冷水鱼的生活习性、适应环境以及长途运输的条件进行了研究,经过2年的设计和多次试验,研制出一种适合冷水鱼长途保鲜运输的容器。该容器采用密闭、加压、降温等措施实现了高原冷水鱼的长途保鲜运输。本设计取材容易、制作简单、成本低,8～24h长途运输冷水鱼存活率达到90%以上。在该容器中加入CT鱼药可使鲜鱼运输时间延长到48h以上。     

Study on the Tribochemical Mechanism of Lanthanum Dialkldithiophosphate

Aiming at the study of rare earth mischmetals as lubricant additives,an new oil-soluble lanthanum dialkldithiophosphate(LaDDP) is prepared as antiwear and extreme pressure additive,and its tribological performances are evaluated by four-ball mechine.The tribological decomposition reactions are simulated through mass spectroscopy.The tribochemical characteristics under boundary lubrication conditions are studied by means of AES and XPS.The tribological mechanism is suggested.The experimental results indicate that LaDDP possesses better lubrication ability than ZDDP.This can mainly be attributed to the formation of boundary film containing La,La 2O 3,FeS,sulphate,phosphate and lanthanum diffused layer.It indicates that the triblogical mechanism suggested is reasonable.     

Strahlungsnutzung durch Bestände ölreicher Körnerfruchtarten — Winterraps, Öllein und Sonnenblume im Vergleich

Radiation use by oil seed crops — a comparison of winter rape, linseed and sunflower For the production of grain crops rich in oil, winter rape, linseed and sunflower are similarly suitable at many arable locations. We wanted to compare the extent to which radiation (PAR) is intercepted and utilized by the individual species for dry matter and yield production. For this purpose, a 2‐year field experiment comprising the factors genotype, N fertilization and soil tillage was conducted. For five phases of crop development, growth rates (CGR, RGR and NAR) and PAR utilization were calculated. At full ripeness, total dry matter, grain, oil and energy yields, the crop‐ and year‐specific PAR supply, its interception and utilization for dry matter production and the resulting energy binding were determined. Due to the different individual vegetation periods, the PAR supply of the crops differed. The crop assimilation areas also differed, with values for winter rape and sunflower higher than those for linseed. The yield productivity of winter rape and sunflower was also higher than that of linseed. N fertilization increased yield to different extents for the different crops. On average, winter rape and sunflower produced the same amounts of dry matter and energy yield. Due to a higher harvest index, sunflower had the highest grain yield, and because the oil concentration in grain was comparatively high sunflower produced the highest oil yield, too. Under cool and wet climate conditions, however, the productivity of sunflower is offset by a relatively high yield risk because of uncertain ripening. The highest PAR utilization by linseed did not compensate for its very short vegetation period in combination with the lowest PAR interception.     

我国热带水果贮运保鲜现状及进展

对我国热带水果的特性及贮运保鲜发展现状进行了论述,并对近年来研发的一些先进保鲜技术和进展进行了介绍.根据国际水果市场的发展趋势,提出了我国热带水果采后处理、贮运保鲜与国际接轨的对策及措施,并对今后热带水果贮运保鲜发展方向进行了分析与展望.     

Allelic variation in linolenic acid content of high erucic acid Ethiopian mustard and incorporation of the low linolenic acid trait into zero erucic acid germplasm

Zero erucic acid germplasm of Ethiopian mustard is characterized by high levels of linolenic acid (about 21%). Two genetic sources of low linolenic acid (N2‐4961 and HF‐186, about 5%), have been developed in a high erucic acid background. The objectives of this research were to study the genetic relationship between the two low linolenic acid lines and to transfer the trait to zero erucic acid germplasm. F1 seed generations from crosses between both lines had higher average linolenic acid concentration than both parents. F2 seeds segregated for linolenic acid content following a continuous variation from 1.8 to 7.4%, exceeding the limits of the parental distribution ranges. Transgressive recombinants with very low linolenic acid concentration (0.7‐2.7%) were confirmed in the F3 seed generation. The results suggested that N2‐4961 and HF‐186 possess alleles for low linolenic acid at different loci. Transgressive low linolenic acid F3 plants were crossed with plants of a zero erucic acid line and a selection for zero erucic, low linolenic acid was conducted. As a result, a zero erucic acid F3:4 line containing 1.5 ± 0.7% linolenic acid was developed.     

覆膜条件下深翻对春玉米干物质积累和转运的影响

为探明覆膜条件下深翻对春玉米干物质积累及转运的影响,以‘伟科702’为供试材料,在覆膜条件下设深翻(FS)和旋耕(FR)2个处理,测定并计算不同处理下干物质积累及转运。结果表明：吐丝期后,FR干物质积累量显著高于FS,且随生育进程差异增大。干物质最大积累速率、持续时间均表现为FR>FS,最大速率出现时间为FS>FR。FR吐丝后的营养器官的转运量、转移效率和对子粒贡献率均显著高于FS,各器官表现为叶>茎>穗部。     

低温胁迫对微胚乳超甜超高油玉米耐寒性生理生化特性的影响

为了解新型种质微胚乳超甜超高油玉米(简称为微胚乳玉米)的耐寒性,选用5个微胚乳玉米杂交组合(ME),以高油115和正甜68为对照,在发芽期和苗期低温胁迫下,测定发芽率、发芽势、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量以及SOD、POD活性等生理生化指标,鉴定其耐寒性,并利用模糊隶属函数法综合评定其耐寒性。结果表明,ME1、ME2、ME3和高油115在发芽期的相对电导率上升幅度较小,脯氨酸含量和SOD活性上升幅度较大;而ME5、ME4和正甜68在发芽期的相对电导率上升幅度较大,脯氨酸含量和SOD活性上升幅度较小。利用相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性3个指标能较有效预测微胚乳玉米在发芽期的耐寒性。ME2、ME1和高油115在苗期的丙二醛含量上升幅度较小,脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性上升幅度较大;而ME5和正甜68在苗期的丙二醛含量上升幅度较大,脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性上升幅度较小。利用丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性4个指标能较好地预测微胚乳玉米在苗期的耐寒性。以隶属函数值综合评价表明,5个微胚乳玉米材料的耐寒性均强于正甜68。ME2在发芽期和苗期都表现较强的耐寒性,其次为ME1和 ME3,而ME4和ME5耐寒性均较弱。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法在橄榄油掺假鉴别中的应用

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对橄榄油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油7种食用植物油的红外光谱信息进行分析。结果表明,橄榄油的红外吸收光谱在吸收峰的位置及吸光度上均与其他种类的植物油有区别,以3005~3009 cm^-1、1117~1121 cm^-1处的吸收峰作为种类区分。模拟掺假过程,向橄榄油中掺入其他6种不同比例的低价值植物油后,发现1097、3005 cm^-1处吸收峰的峰面积与掺假百分比呈线性关系。此外,对7种食用植物油180℃加热2 h后的红外光谱图进行分析,发现968、1097 cm^-1处的吸收峰变化趋势有差异,橄榄油呈上升趋势而其他种类的植物油则呈现下降趋势。掺假橄榄油加热后谱图分析发现3005 cm^-1处的峰面积有所降低,但与掺假百分比仍呈线性关系,掺入5%低价油,3400~3650 cm^-1区域呈明显增加趋势,据此可以鉴别掺假量低至5%的橄榄油,这为橄榄油的掺假鉴别提供了一种快速高效的方法。