喷洒作业下四旋翼植保无人机的轨迹跟踪控制

针对所搭载药箱内药液变化导致四旋翼植保无人机喷洒作业品质下降的问题,为实现喷洒作业下四旋翼植保无人机的轨迹跟踪控制,提出一种喷洒作业下四旋翼植保无人机的轨迹跟踪控制方法.在考虑喷洒作业下药液变化影响的前提下,建立了四旋翼植保无人机的非线性动力学模型.在原有PD控制的基础上,引入模糊控制器对控制参数进行在线自适应整定,从...     

重庆野生百合花蕾诱导再生植株技术研究

为了重庆野生百合资源的有效保护和开发利用,以重庆地区野生百合花蕾为试验材料,采用植物组织诱导培养的方法对其再生植株技术进行了研究。结果表明：以即将开放的百合花蕾为外植体材料,消毒容易,无污染;通过对花蕾各器官（花冠、花托、花丝、花药、花柱、柱头、花梗）的诱导培养,表明试验所选的1号培养基MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L能诱导花冠、花托、花丝出芽,2号培养基MS+ 6- BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L仅能诱导花冠出芽;幼芽增殖以MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L的增殖系数最高,为3.2,增殖幼苗生长健壮;生根培养以14号培养基(MS+ NAA 0.4 mg/L)诱导百合生根最佳,生根率为100%;移栽结果以18号培养基(MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L)的生根培养苗成活率较高,达到了85%。     

‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生体系的建立

为了解决白杨杂种三倍体‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’无性繁殖困难问题,以白杨杂种三倍体‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’的半木质化嫩枝为材料,对外植体消毒方法以及不同激素组合对叶片诱导不定芽的效果进行研究。结果表明：（1） ‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’启动培养最佳的消毒处理方法为20%浓度的84消毒液处理20 min;（2）激素6-BA以及TDZ对‘北林雄株1号’叶片不定芽再生率以及再生系数的影响显著,NAA对叶片不定芽再生率影响不显著,对再生系数的影响极显著,筛选出‘北林雄株1号’叶片再生的适宜培养基为MS+ 0.2 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA+ 0.005 mg/L TDZ;（3）激素6-BA、NAA以及ZT对‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生率和再生系数的影响均达到了显著水平,筛选出‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生的适宜培养基为MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.05 mg/L NAA+ 1.2 mg/L ZT。‘北林雄株1号’与‘北林雄株2号’高效叶片再生技术体系建立,为该品种的规模化无性繁殖以及后续的基因工程育种等研究提供了技术基础。     

镍胁迫对玉米幼苗氮、磷、钾积累与分配的研究

研究发现吉林省黑土中镍含量逐年增加,造成土壤理化性质恶化和玉米产量、品质降低,因此,了解镍胁迫对玉米植株生长特性的影响有重要意义。采用盆栽试验,研究了不同镍浓度（0、50、100、200、400 mg/kg）胁迫处理下玉米植株各部位的生物量、生物量分配格局以及氮、磷、钾积累和分配特征。结果表明,（1）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了玉米幼苗根、茎、叶生物量和总生物量,镍浓度大于50 mg/kg时,减少了各部位生物量及总生物量;（2）各部位对镍的吸收和积累随土壤外源镍浓度的增加而增加;（3）镍浓度为50 mg/kg时,增加了各部位的钾含量和根、茎钾的积累比例,而植株中的氮、磷含量随土壤中镍含量的增加呈降低趋势。因此得出,镍浓度为50 mg/kg的处理增加了玉米植株的生物量、根茎叶中钾含量及养分积累,改变了养分在玉米植株内的分配格局,而浓度大于50 mg/kg时抑制了玉米生长,降低了根茎叶中氮和磷的含量及积累。     

不同密度下主茎亚有限型大豆株型及产量的变化规律

为研究主茎亚有限型大豆株型及产量的变化规律,以窄行密植大豆品种‘合丰51’为试验材料,研究不同种植密度条件下大豆品种株高、茎粗、主茎节数及节间长度、倒伏率以及产量的变化规律。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,株高呈不断增加趋势;茎粗呈不断下降趋势;主茎节数变化幅度不明显,节间长度不断增加,株高增加为节间伸长所致;倒伏率不断增加;产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。上述性状均与种植密度相关性达到极显著水平,并在40 万株/hm2条件下达到最高产量,说明窄行密植大豆品种‘合丰51号’具有较高的密植潜力。     

土壤硒对植物生长影响研究进展

硒是否为植物必需的营养元素,目前尚无定论,但目前日趋增多的试验表明,硒可能是高等植物生长所必需的营养元素.本文综述了土壤和植物中的硒含量状况,土壤硒的形态及有效性,硒对植物的几种生物效应,土壤、植物中硒的测定与调节,以及目前硒的利用状况.     

地榆多酚抑菌作用研究进展

植物多酚具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗突变、抗菌、抗癌等多种生物学活性,被称为天然抑菌剂.地榆中富含多酚类化合物,在医疗保健、食品卫生等领域具有广阔的发展前景.本文综述了地榆多酚的抑菌活性、作用机理和研究应用现状,旨在为地榆资源的综合开发利用提供参考.     

生长因子FGF10转基因本氏烟草植株的获得及其表达分析

成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)具有非常重要的科研和医疗价值,但其目前有限产量难以满足市场需要,而植物生物反应器能为解决这一问题提供切实可行的途径.本研究构建了由组成型强启动子CaMV35S驱动且人工修饰的FGF10基因植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法将其导入本氏烟草基因组中,利用筛选标记基因Bar进行草铵膦抗性筛选...     

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.