不同季节鹅喉羚昼间活动节律特征

2007年10月至2008年10月,采用焦点动物取样法,在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区观察了鹅喉羚的昼间活动节律.共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1 917只,采集行为数据319.5 h,将鹅喉羚的行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和其他5种类型.结果表明:采食是各季节鹅喉羚最主要的活动类型,每天有2～3个采食高峰,一般出现在晨昏和正午...     

甘肃自然保护区生态旅游资源的类型及综合评价

从自然保护区生态旅游发展的战略出发,分析了甘肃自然保护区生态旅游资源的类型,探讨了自然保护区生态旅游资源评价的目的和内容,以层次分析的定量方法为主,结合定性分析对甘肃自然保护区的生态旅游资源进行了科学的评价,分析了甘肃自然保护区生态旅游资源的价值和特点,在此基础上提出了甘肃自然保护区生态旅游资源开发的方向.     

Proposal to make the island of Linosa/Italy as a centre for on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources

In view of the remarkable interest of the flora, vegetation and landscape of Linosa island, a natural reserve should be suggested including protection of the traditional agriculture. Especially for the last aim completely new ways have to be elaborated. An integrated approach of nature protection and on-farm conservation could be the ideal conclusion.     

广东惠东海龟国家级自然保护区动物多样性调查

了解广东惠东海龟国家级自然保护区动物资源现状,可为保护区建设规划及生态系统维护提供理论参考。采用样线法、红外相机法、市场调查法、悬网捕捞法系统调查了区内的动物种类,分析了多样性指数以及绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)与其他物种的关系。结果表明,调查共记录动物116种,其中无脊椎动物55种,包括浮游动物13种、软体动物25种、节肢动物16种;脊椎动物61种,包括鱼类43种、两栖动物1种、爬行动物2种、鸟类12种、兽类3种。保护区内有国家 级重点保护野生动物1种、 级重点保护野生动物4种、“三有”名录物种11种、《IUCN物种红色名录》濒危物种3种、易危物种3种、近危物种3种。保护区Simpson优势度指数为0.96,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.75,Pielou均匀度指数为0.78;本底动物物种资源丰富,各物种分布较为均匀,群落多样性高,动物资源中既包括了绿海龟的食物来源,也存在绿海龟的天敌;在绿海龟濒危的背景下,制定基于物种多样性的海龟保护管理策略成为当务之急。     

论商标反向假冒的性质——兼论我国商标反向假冒立法的完善

文中探讨了商标反向假冒行为的性质和立法完善。反向假冒行为既是商标侵权行为,也是不正当竞争行为。我国目前只是单一的用《商标法》对反向假冒行为进行规制,但这种立法模式不能有效地打击商标反向假冒行为,建议：进一步完善《商标法》和《反不正当竞争法》,以这两部法律对商标权人的权益进行基础性保护。然后,以《刑法》为后盾,打击严重的商标反向假冒犯罪行为。     

多效唑的矮化作用初探

随着社会不断发展,人们对植物的观赏要求越来越高,常见的矮化的药物:多效唑和B9,由于B9中含有大量的致癌物质,B9我国已经列入违禁药品。B9在农业上已经基本很少使用。虽然B9在花卉园艺上还在使用,但在短期内会禁止使用。由此可见,多效唑在园艺上有着不可替代的地位。     

Rheology of concentrated xanthan gum solutions: Steady shear flow behavior

Using a strain-controlled rheometer, the steady shear flow properties of aqueous xanthan gum solutions of different concentrations were measured over a wide range of shear rates. In this article, both the shear rate and concentration dependencies of steady shear flow behavior are reported from the experimentally obtained data. The viscous behavior is quantitatively discussed using a well-known power law type flow equation with a special emphasis on its importance in industrial processing and actual usage. In addition, several inelastic-viscoplastic flow models including a yield stress parameter are employed to make a quantitative evaluation of the steady shear flow behavior, and then the applicability of these models is also examined in detail. Finally, the elastic nature is explained with a brief comment on its practical significance. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions exhibit a finite magnitude of yield stress. This may come from the fact that a large number of hydrogen bonds in the helix structure result in a stable configuration that can show a resistance to flow. (2) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions show a marked non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior which is well described by a power law flow equation and may be interpreted in terms of the conformational status of the polymer molecules under the influence of shear flow. This rheological feature enhances sensory qualities in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products and guarantees a high degree of mixability, pumpability, and pourability during their processing and/or actual use. (3) The Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk, and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable and have equivalent ability to describe the steady shear flow behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions, whereas both the Bingham and Casson models do not give a good applicability. (4) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions exhibit a quite important elastic flow behavior which acts as a significant factor for many industrial applications such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing processes.     

Utilization of semi-natural grassland through integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass. I. Effects of hydrothermal conditioning and mechanical dehydration on mass flows of organic and mineral plant compounds, and nutrient balances

The use of semi-natural grasslands for the production of renewable energy through conventional conversion techniques faces major limitations because of chemical and physical properties of the biomass. A new conversion procedure was developed which separates the biomass, as silage, into a liquid phase for biogas production and into a solid fraction to be used as fuel. Separation (mechanical dehydration) is carried out with a screw press after mashing with water (hydrothermal conditioning). The effect of hydrothermal conditioning at different temperatures (5, 60 and 80°C) and mechanical dehydration on mass flows of plant compounds into the press fluid was investigated for five grassland pastures typical of mountain areas of Germany. Results show that 0·18 of the crude fibre was transferred into the fluid, whereas more digestible organic compounds, such as crude protein and nitrogen-free extract, showed mass flows of 0·40 and 0·31 respectively. While 0·52–0·89 of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and chloride (Cl), which are detrimental for the combustion of the press cake, were transferred into the press fluid, more than 0·50 of calcium, which has positive combustion properties, remained in the press cake. Significantly ( P  <   0·05) higher mass flows were detected at conditioning temperatures of 60°C (K and Mg) and 80°C (crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract) compared with the 5°C treatment. Because of the separation of solids and liquids, high proportions of P (0·61–0·74) and K (0·64–0·85) but only 0·32–0·45 of nitrogen exported from the grassland would be recycled with an application of the digestates from the anaerobic digestion of the press liquid.     

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Effective Microorganisms on Growth,Yield and Quality of Paddy-Rice Varieties

Summary

The effect of an organic fertilizer inoculated with Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the growth, yield and quality of 13 paddy-rice varieties varying with maturation period was studied. EM inoculation increased kernel enlargement after the panicle formation stage and also increased ear number and length and kernel number. The yield of brown rice from EM inoculation was higher for the standard fertilizer rate and lower for the higher rate of organic fertilizer. EM inoculation increased the glutinousness and the total quality index of glutinous rice varieties. Under 1993 weather conditions, early and medium-ripening non-glutinous varieties and glutinous varieties were suitable for nature farming with EM-inoculated organic fertilizer.     

浅论茶席插花

传统茶席插花艺术受儒、释、道等传统文化以及园艺、美学、诗、绘画、书法、音乐、文学等艺术的滋养,具有深厚的文化底蕴和审美情趣。本文从茶席与插花、茶席插花的内涵及茶席插花的创新三个方面进行阐述,旨在探索茶席插花艺术,为泡茶、品饮增添韵味。