Involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish

Goldfish,Carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. A gonadotropin (GtH) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. This ovulatory GtH surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. Within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory GtH surge. High levels of testosterone were always observed before ovulation. When ovariectomized or sexually regressed female goldfish were implanted with testosterone, they exhibited a GtH surge which was similar to those normally observed at ovulation. These results strongly suggest that elevated plasma testosterone is an important physiological requirement for the occurrence of the GtH surge.     

蔬菜穴盘苗自动精确移栽组合式取苗机构设计与测试

Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a laboratory.The seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays, transfer them, and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the ground.It consisted of a path manipulator and two grippers.The path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design of Ⅱ-type mechanism combination in series.It consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism.According to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory, the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector equation.The gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction.It consisted of multiple pick-up pins, U-type pull rod, shaft, stop block, compression spring and frame.The mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint conditions.The final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or not.According to the analysis on the work process, the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching, penetrating, extracting, transferring, erecting and discharging a seedling.Taking pepper seedlings, tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects, the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up device.The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.     

基于数据包络分析的灌区农业生产综合效率评价与分析

为评价中国灌区农业生产综合效率的空间差异性,采用数据包络分析(Data envelopment analysis,DEA)方法对全国440个灌区2010年的农业生产综合相对效率进行评估,并基于不同区域灌区农业生产投入及其冗余状况对生产效率提升途径进行探索。结果表明,8个灌区的相对效率为1.000,达到DEA有效;灌区间农业生产效率差异显著,绝大部分(327个)不足0.300,省区尺度生产效率无明显空间分布规律;各投入指标对应存在冗余灌区个数分别为319(有效灌溉面积)、369(绿水)、155(蓝水)、298(化肥)及207(农业机械);非DEA有效灌区5个投入指标的可减少量占所有评价单元投入总量的比例分别为23.8%、39.2%、18.1%、29.0%以及19.9%。综上可知,各非DEA有效灌区应根据自身投入指标冗余状况优化配置和管理资源以提高区域综合农业生产效率,其中绿水资源高效利用是全国范围内广泛面临的问题;东北和西北地区需注重水土资源配置效率提升,而南方粮食主产区应注重水肥高效利用机制的研究与实践。     

2BF-9型化肥深施播种机的设计

设计了一种适应前茬为大豆、玉米、水稻等作物,进行化肥深施的谷物播种机。该机采用联合作业方式,开沟器为自行开发的锐角开沟器,先施肥、后下种,种肥垂直距离50mm左右。田间试验表明,该机工作性能良好,防堵效果显著,可进行常规播种及硬茬播种。     

吉林省农机行业自主创新路径选择及重点领域

吉林省农机行业提高自主创新能力迫在眉睫。为此,从分析吉林省农机行业自主创新能力的现状出发,探讨了吉林省农机行业自主创新的路径,并在此基础上提出了吉林省农机装备的引进、消化、吸收和再创新、集成创新的重点领域。     

贵州贵阳(乌当)国家农业科技园区综合评估

贵州贵阳国家农业科技园区,是全国在建的36个国家农业科技园区之一,乌当农业科技园区既是贵州贵阳国家农业科技园区的核心园区,也是贵州省第一个现代农业示范园区。针对该园区建设成效,从综合效益、组织管理、能力建设、带动作用四方面对其进行了综合评估,力求为贵州省正在开展的农业园区建设及现代农业建设提供参考。     

浙南地区豆野螟生物学特性和消长规律研究

经室内饲养和田间调查明确,豆野螟在浙南地区一年发生7～8代,第8代为不完全代。一年中在6月下旬、7月中下旬、8月上中旬、9月中旬、10月上中旬均有明显的发生高峰,呈现波浪多峰型的发生特点,世代重叠严重,2、3、4、5各主害代之间危害程度相差不大。豆野螟在自然变温条件下卵的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为10.84℃和53.17日度,幼虫的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为7.84℃和214.90日度,蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.48℃和124.41日度。     

农业土地资源信息管理平台的建设

随着数字农业的发展,为了实时、有效地利用农业土地资源信息,以沈阳市东陵区为例,采用B/S结构,在 .NET开发平台和MapXtreme2004集成开发环境下,融入WebGIS思想、OA技术和推荐施肥技术,建立集基础数据管理、统计查询、专题图制作、辅助决策、网上办公于一体的数字化的农业土地资源信息管理平台, 为农业生产者和决策者提供实时的技术支持和辅助决策。     

中国开展农作物收入保险的意义和可行性初探

由于能同时对产量风险和价格风险造成的损失提供补偿,对农户来说,农作物收入保险似乎比农业产量保险和期货农业更适合,更能保证农户拥有稳定的未来收入。分析了中国开展农作物收入保险的意义,并对相应的价格指标选择进行了探讨,对于大豆和玉米来说,以其相应的期货价格指数作为收入保险的价格指标时机已经较为成熟,而小麦收入保险的价格指标还需要进一步研究。作物收入保险的有力发展,将对农业经济产生重要影响,也会对保险行业创新产生很强的推动作用。     

基于WebGIS的食用农产品产地环境质量评价系统

为准确管理环境污染数据,评价环境质量水平,进而保障食用农产品安全,该研究基于对大气、农田土壤和灌溉用水的多年监测数据,利用数据库技术、WebGIS技术构建农业基础信息、农业气象、土壤养分、大气污染物、灌溉水污染物、土壤污染物6个网络空间数据库;并在国家食用农产品产地环境质量标准和国内外已有研究基础上,建立食用农产品产地...