CT引导经皮穿刺及X线引导经支气管肺活检对外周肺病灶诊断效果的比较

目的：比较CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检和在X线引导下经支气管肺活检(TBLB)对外周肺病灶的诊断效果。方法：43例外周肺病灶患者均先后行TBLB和CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检，分析两种活检术对外周肺病变的诊断效果。结果：43例中CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检诊断出5种疾病检出患者38例，诊断率为88．4％(38／43)，而TBLB仅能诊断出1种疾病检出患者2例，诊断率为4．7％(2／43)。两种方法的诊断率差异有非常显著性(P＜0．01)，而两者的并发症差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论：CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检对外周肺病灶诊断率高，并发症少。     

昌黎原产地域赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气成分研究

为了对我国葡萄酒实施原产地域保护提供理论依据。采用溶剂微萃取法提取赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的香气成分,用内标法对检测峰进行半定量分析,经气相色谱-质谱并结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行鉴定。结果表明,赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中共分离出43个峰,鉴定出35种香气物质,其中醇类、酸类、酯类分别为8,9,14种,占赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气成分总量的52.12%,12.32%,33.52%;香气成分相对含量排在前10位的分别为:苯乙醇、琥珀酸单乙酯、异戊醇、琥珀酸二乙酯、辛酸、2-甲基-1-丁醇、五氧四氢呋喃-2-羟基乙酯、2-羟基-3-甲基-琥珀酸二乙酯、3-甲硫基-1-丙醇、香草酸乙酯。35种香气成分的相对标准偏差均在10以下。说明采用的溶剂微萃取法准确度高,分析结果可靠,能真实反映葡萄酒香气成分的组成,适用于葡萄酒香气成分分析。     

半导体生物培养箱的研制

研制了一种利用半导体作为温控元件的生物培养箱.利用半导体体积小、传热速度快以及无噪声等优点,尝试将其作为生物培养箱的温控元件,并利用ARM开发板进行核心程序的设计,且使用液晶触摸屏进行温、湿度的实时监测,使得设计出的培养箱具有人机界面友好、操作简单等优点,并通过实验验证其具有良好的控制效果.     

MEASUREMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CATS USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND DUAL ENERGY X‐RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a reference method for assessing body composition but is seldom `accessible in veterinary settings. Computed tomography (CT) can provide similar body composition estimates and we propose that it can be used in body composition studies in animals. We compared CT and DEXA data from 73 healthy adult neutered domestic cats. Three approaches for measuring adipose tissue percentage from full‐body CT scans were explored. By examining the frequency distribution of voxels by Hounsfield unit (HU) value, it is possible to calculate a fat index (Fat%) that is in close agreement with the fat percentages obtained from DEXA scans. Fat% values obtained by the best of the methods had a mean difference of 0.96% (95% confidence interval 0.33–1.59%) from the DEXA results. Fat% obtained by the other two methods were characterized by good correlation but poor agreement and in one of the methods, the difference between the values from the two modalities was proportional to their mean. By using CT, it is possible to obtain body composition estimates that are in close agreement with those available using DEXA. While the significance of individual Fat% measurements obtained from CT can be difficult to interpret and to compare between centers, CT can contribute to research studies concerned either with nutrition or with obesity‐related disorders.     

一种智能型电导率仪的设计与研究

电导率仪是一种应用非常广泛的测量仪器。山西农业大学设计并通过省级鉴定的TYZ-3智能型综合土壤养分测试仪一部分的电导率测量系统是一种智能式系统。通过充分利用单片机的分析判断能力以及软件误差补偿校正优势。该系统不但能温度自动补偿和电容自动补偿，而且不需分档。经计量部门测试可达国家0.2级仪器的精度要求。可应用于农业、工业、环境保护部门。     

充分灌与调亏灌溉条件下苹果树微喷灌的耗水量研究

田间试验设置有两个处理：整个生育期以蒸发量的80％灌溉的充分灌处理；6月中旬到7月中旬以蒸发量的40％灌溉，而其它季节恢复以蒸发量的80％灌溉的调亏灌溉处理（RDI）。 试验得出了苹果树微喷灌在上述两种灌溉条件下不同生育期的日均耗水量与蒸发皿系数。与充分灌比较，调亏灌溉处理的产量基本上没有受到影响，而灌水量减少了17%～20％，耗水量减少了10.2%～11.2%，并有效地抑制了枝条生长。     

Spatial changes of soil solution and mineral composition in the rhizosphere of Norway‐spruce seedlings colonized by Piloderma croceum

Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) or the root‐fungal association in forest ecosystems provide a unique soil microenvironment where soil properties and processes differ from the bulk soil. In this study, we would like to better understand the role of ECM systems in mineral weathering and its implications to soil formation and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Specifically, we would like to document the spatial variations in the composition of soil solution and mineralogy of the rhizosphere as influenced by the ECM of Norway spruce + Piloderma croceum. Two‐month‐old seedlings of Norway spruce (control and colonized by P. croceum) were cultivated in special rhizotrons designed to allow spatial collection of soil solution. We used A and C horizons of a Dystric Cambisol collected from Höglwald forest near Munich. Micro suction cups (5 mm x 1mm) were installed in colonized and control rhizotrons, and soil solution was collected from September to November 2000. Our results show that the concentrations of NH , Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in the soil solution were lower in <1.0 cm than in >3.0 cm distance from the roots of Norway spruce, due to the possible range of influence of Piloderma mycelium reaching about 2–3 cm from the surface of the mycorrhizal root. In the rhizotron with soil from the A horizon, a higher phosphorus content in Piloderma‐colonized seedlings was observed. X‐ray diffraction data indicate that chlorite and possibly mica are being transformed to 2:1‐expanding clay minerals (probably smectite) within <1.0 cm distance from roots. The spatial variations in soil solution composition and mineral transformation are likely to be due to Piloderma colonization and concentrated mycelial growth within <1.0 cm distance from the roots. This is also evident in more intricate growth of mycelia on surfaces of micaceous minerals as compared to quartz. We assume that Piloderma modifies soil solution and mineralogy through acquisition of essential elements for its own survival and/or for the uptake by plant roots. However, the presence of spontaneous infection with wildtype ECM in the control plots may have altered the influence of Piloderma and must be taken into consideration when interpreting our results.     

香稻香气特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉测定方法的建立

建立了一种利用顶空固相微萃取–气相色谱法(HS–SPME–GC)检测香稻香味特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉(2–acetyl–1–Pyrroline,2–AP)的方法。在合成2–AP标准物质的基础上,通过正交试验得到最佳萃取条件为萃取温度60℃、萃取时间45 min。在最佳萃取条件下,该检测方法的线性范围为0.5~4.0μg/g,相对标准偏差≤8.54%,回收率为96.3%~103.5%,检出限为0.045 5μg/g,定量限为0.152μg/g。利用该方法测定6种不同香稻大米2–AP的含量,结果表明,该方法能有效地检测香米的2–AP含量。     

温室自走式弥雾机远程控制系统的设计与试验

针对温室内手动施药劳动强度大、容易造成施药人员中毒等问题,利用GSM网络技术平台,设计基于手机信息发送指令的自走式弥雾机远程控制系统。该系统采用GSM模块和手机及单片机之间的双向通信实现手机对弥雾机行走速度和喷雾流量设定,运用Keil C51V9.00软件编程,对动作流程进行决策,控制弥雾机自动喷药。试验结果表明:该系统响应时间约为3s,弥雾机停止工作时,有一定的响应距离,最大为0.59m;当行走速度为4~12cm/s,喷雾流量50~300mL/min时,雾滴分布变异系数为3%~5%,喷雾均匀性较好。该远程控制系统可以满足在温室大棚内的使用要求,与传统施药方法相比,简化了植保机械的操作过程,有利于减轻劳动强度,保障人身安全。     

常见生物显微制片方法的比较研究

对常见生物材料进行切片法和非切片法制片技术的比较,结果表明:不同的生物材料、不同的组织、选择不同的制片方法,可以提高生物显微制片的质量和效率,为生物显微制片技术的研究提供参考。