Electronegativity Scale of Elements Calculated by Density Functional Theory and Related Methods

In chemistry and many related fields, electronegativity (EN) is an important fundamental concept and its scale is a useful physcochemical parameter. Here, calculations of both ionization potentials and electron affinities are extended toward 107 elements and done by density functional theory at the local density approximation(LDA) level and the LDB level, i.e., the local density approximation level with further non-local corrections for exchange and correlation included self-consistently as well as the modified Slater transition-state method. The definite-differentiation method is employed into calculations of the electronegativity scale and the related parameters of 107 elements with very good results due to the consideration of relativistic effects. The calculation presented is to examine both the LDA and LDB approximations in calculations for the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements with an improved or modified Slater transition-state method, and relativistic effects have also been taken into account for 107 elements compared with 103, 86 or less in the previous report under a spin polarized density function theory with some approximations to the exchange-correlation function. The calculation results for the various quantities represent an obviously improvement over some previous calculations. It is shown that the results calculated by the extended technique and the improved Slater transition-state method in general agree well with experimental values presented by Pearson, and are better than the reported values in many previous literatures. The developed new electronegativity scale will widely be applicable in many fields such as molecular structural parameterization expression, chemobiological activity optimization prediction, structure-activity quantitation modeling, functional chemical adaptization designing, and so on.     

Migrant labour and the politics of scale: gendering the Philippine state

The purpose of this paper is to situate the study of international labour migration, and especially the policies of labour export, within a gendered geopolitical framework. In so doing I open avenues of inquiry into the complexities of political ideologies that guide state apparatuses. Specifically, I examine how the Philippine state negotiates and operates within contradictory capitalist spaces through discourses of scale. Spatial scales are politically and socially constructed to legitimise power relations and to justify particular policies and programmes. In its support of capital accumulation, the Philippine state tends to adopt a discourse of globalisation; when confronted with charges of migrant exploitation, the Philippine state couples a discourse of the global with a discourse of the body. This corporeal discourse attempts to deflect attention and criticism away from the state, thereby maintaining its political hegemony.     

High frequency of plant regeneration from anther culture in flax, Linum usitatissimum L.

The effects of induction medium compositions on flax anther culture were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. Anthers were inoculated onto the modified MS medium supplemented with five different combinations of plant growth regulators. The medium containing the combination of 2mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced a significantly higher number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and a significant increase in overall efficiency of regeneration than the same basal medium containing 1 mg/1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/1 BAP (CK). Among the five levels of thiamin hydrochloride tested, the modified MS medium containing 10 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride significantly increased the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration compared with the same basal medium containing 0.1 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride. Maltose concentration had a significant effect on the percentage of anthers producing call, the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration. The medium containing 6% or 9% maltose produced the highest overall efficiency of regeneration among the five levels of maltose evaluated. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration, and dramatically affected the frequency of microspore-derived plants and the frequency of spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived plants. The efficiency of doubled haploid line production obtained in this study appears adequate for applied breeding programmes.     

次氯酸钠用于植物培养基灭菌方法初探

对在培养基的配制过程中添加次氯酸钠替代培养基高压蒸汽灭菌的方法进行了研究,取得了如下结果：在培养基凝固后添加次氯酸钠,温度25℃、光照强度2000lx、光照时间为16小时的培养条件下,浓度为360mg/L时,仍有部分培养基污染;在培养基配制过程中,琼脂加热溶解后,趁热在培养基中添加10mg/L次氯酸钠,未发污染。以‘神马’菊花为外植体,在培养基配制过程中加入终浓度20mg/L的次氯酸钠时,植株可以正常生长,而且,生长状况好于高压灭菌组;次氯酸钠浓度高于50 mg/L时,生长状况差于高压灭菌组,而且会产生伤害。     

不同培养基质及条件对三种报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在不同培养基质及条件下对海仙花报春(Primula poissonii Franch.)、香海仙报春(Primula wilsonii Dunn)、多脉报春(Primula polyneura Franch)的种子萌发及幼苗生长进行了研究.结果表明,上述3种报春花的种子萌发情况是多脉报春＞香海仙＞海仙花报春.在四种不同的培养基中,MS及N6培养基对报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长比改良WPM、Miller培养基好.不同糖浓度及pH4.5～6.5对报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长无明显影响.GA处理能缩短报春花种子萌发时间.人工气候箱条件下报春花种子萌发及幼苗生长比在培养室的条件下更好.光照对种子萌发有促进作用,但当光照强度增强时,又会使报春花的幼苗叶片白化,产生光抑制,造成幼苗的死亡.在遭受光胁迫时,海仙花报春比多脉报春有较强的适应性.     

四种国产鸢尾属植物种子萌发特性研究

采用不同的贮藏条件、种皮处理和播种基质对国产4种鸢尾属植物的种子萌发进行了初步研究.试验结果显示:4℃冷层积能明显促进长葶鸢尾(I.delavayi Mich.)、西南鸢尾(I .bulleyana Dykes)、金脉鸢尾(I.chrysographes Dykes)的种子萌发,而高原鸢尾(I.collettii Hook.f.)的种子在室温和冷层积两种贮藏条件下,萌发率能达到100%和98.33%,没有区别;去除种皮后,长葶鸢尾、金脉鸢尾的种子萌发率提高,但是种皮对高原鸢尾、西南鸢尾的种子萌发没有抑制作用,在剥皮和未剥皮的情况下萌发率基本相同;对比3种不同的播种基质,根据种子的萌发情况和幼苗的生长情况,混合土(红土:腐殖土=1:2)、腐殖土是较好的选择.     

基于GF-1卫星遥感数据识别京津冀冬小麦面积

省级尺度冬小麦面积的精准获取技术是农作物面积遥感监测研究的主要内容之一。为了获取省级尺度的冬小麦种植面积, 该文以北京市(京)、天津市(津)和河北省(冀) 3个省域范围为例, 以国家标准地形图分幅为分类的图幅单元, 利用国产GF-1/WFV数据, 构建冬小麦面积指数, 实现了省级尺度冬小麦面积的识别。本文以冬小麦全部9个月生育期的984景影像作为数据源, 依次经过数据预处理、标准图幅单元的NDVI合成、样本点选择、冬小麦面积指数构建、冬小麦作物类型确认、省域范围制图及精度验证等步骤完成研究区域内冬小麦面积的提取。采用区域网平差和6S大气校正算法对数据源预处理, 以中国1︰10万标准地形图分幅为分类图幅单元构建冬小麦面积指数, 将冬小麦面积指数按照1%的比例等分, 并将面积指数从0到100%分割为101个提取节点, 将提取节点的NDVI值依次与类型确认样本比较, 精度最高的则确认为冬小麦面积提取阈值, 同时将该阈值应用于图幅单元内冬小麦面积指数影像, 获取冬小麦种植分布。最后冬小麦面积识别的精度表明, 以标准地图分幅作为计算单元, 在GF-1影像基础上, 利用冬小麦面积指数能够显著提高冬小麦与其他地物类型的波谱差异, 且冬小麦的总体识别精度达到89.6%, 用户精度达到89.8%, 制图精度96.5%, Kappa系数0.72。在典型区域, 本文算法与监督分类算法精度结果较为一致, 除制图精度相差4.77%外, 总体精度与用户精度差都在1.00%以内, 说明本文算法具有精度高、运行效率高、分类单元识别结果一致性强的特点, 能够满足省级尺度农情遥感业务监测的需要。     

育苗轻型基质块配方研究

为充分利用南方果树废弃物资源,以香蕉菠萝废弃茎叶堆肥和椰糠作为基质材料,添加粘合剂、固化剂、改良剂,制作出基质块。采用正交法设定基质块配方,通过测试分析基质块的理化性状,确定最佳的基质块配方。结果表明,香蕉菠萝废弃茎叶堆肥和椰糠的配比是影响基质块理化性状的主要因素,各因素影响的主次顺序为:基质配比改良剂粘合剂固化剂;综合分析,A3B2C3D3组合配方具有最佳的理化性状,即基质配比(堆肥:椰糠)为4:6,粘合剂(聚乙烯醇)为4%,固化剂(硼砂)为2.5%,改良剂为140%。     

大丽花花粉活力及离体萌发研究

为筛选大丽花花粉活力有效的测定方法,了解大丽花不同品种的花粉活力,以大丽花栽培品种为试验材料,采用4种方法检测大丽花花粉活力,在此基础上,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验分别对大丽花花粉的离体萌发培养条件及培养基组分进行优化,得到最优方案后进一步检测、比较不同品种之间的花粉活力。研究结果显示,TTC染色法不能使花粉着色,I₂-KI和孢粉染色法不能有效区分有活力和无活力花粉,离体萌发法效果良好,可准确直观地反映大丽花花粉活力状况, 是测定大丽花花粉活力的有效方法。当培养条件为pH 6.0、温度25℃、培养时间2.5 h时,花粉萌发率最高。培养基组分对大丽花花粉萌发的影响程度依次为PEG>蔗糖>硼酸,实际最佳处理组合为A₃B₄C₂,即PEG4000 25 g/L、蔗糖60 g/L、硼酸50 mg/L的处理组合下,大丽花花粉萌发率最高达62.1%。采用上述获得的最优方案检测22个大丽花品种的花粉活力,花粉萌发率为11.75%~78.72%,不同品种的花粉萌发率差异大,其中,‘兰花公主’的花粉萌发率最低,‘波彻儿’最高。大丽花品种的花粉活力多样性丰富,所测定的22个大丽花品种有14个品种正常可育,杂交时可用作父本;8个品种为半不育或低不育,杂交时更适合作母本。     

考虑谷物呼吸的仓储粮堆热湿耦合传递研究

粮食作为生物性多孔介质,具有呼吸特性。一般粮食收获后,大部分时间在密闭不通风状态下存储。以粮堆内局部热湿耦合传递过程作为研究对象,分析了不通风状态下的圆筒形粮仓在自然对流条件下由于温度梯度影响而产生近似冬夏季工况的温度分布和水分转移,借助多物理场数值模拟软件(COMSOL)进行数值模拟,将粮食呼吸作用产热、产湿量以热源、湿源项考虑在数学模型中,通过对温度场、水分场的描述指导工程实践。