大西洋鲑循环水养殖水体异养细菌组成的研究

采集养殖池水样,选取Zobell 2216E琼脂培养基、溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基、硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基、脑心浸液琼脂培养基、胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基、营养琼脂培养基6种常见固体培养基进行细菌分离培养,以平板菌落计数法和菌落外观形态特征辨别及16SrRNA基因测序方法进行异养菌计数和种类组成分析。结果显示:(1)养殖池水体异养菌可分为4大类,分别属于变形菌门(包括α-、γ-变形菌纲)、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门,其中以γ-变形菌纲为优势菌群。按属分类大多为假交替单胞菌属和弧菌属。(2)不同培养基分离菌落数量2216E培养基溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基脑心浸液琼脂培养基营养琼脂培养基硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基,且2216E培养基菌落数极显著高于其余5种培养基(P0.01);2216E培养基所分离细菌的种类最多,分属于12个属,假交替单胞菌属为优势类群,占比50%,弧菌属仅占3.13%;脑心浸液琼脂培养基、溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基、胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基所分离细菌均以弧菌属为优势菌群,分别占33.33%、60%、25%;硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基所分离细菌仅分属于1个属,即弧菌属;营养琼脂培养基无弧菌,但有假单胞菌分离出。     

湛江等鞭金藻培养基和培养方法的优化

在室内采用正交试验的方法,对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)氮、磷、铁、碳、维生素B1、维生素B12等主要营养成分进行了优化,获得了以天然海水为基础的优化培养基:NaNO3 60mg/L,KH2PO4 4mg/L,FeC6H5O7 0.5mg/L,NaHCO3 1.0g/L,维生素B1 150μg/L,维生素B12 200 ng/L.试验结果表明,使用优化培养基培养湛江等鞭金藻具有生长速度快、产量高、成本低的优势.应用微生物流加技术培养湛江等鞭金藻可取得较好效果.     

细鳞鱼的生物学特性及其在华北分布范围的变化

本文报导了细鳞鱼(Braochymystax lenokP.)的形态构造、食性及其生态环境。调查了华北地区细鳞鱼分布变化情况,并阐明由于生态环境等因素的变化是引起该种在华北地区分布范围缩小的原因,同时提出保护细鳞鱼资资源的措施。     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

1株水产用益生枯草芽孢杆菌液体发酵初步研究

通过正交试验、单因素试验和100L发酵罐中试确定了枯草芽孢杆菌HJ02工业生产用的优化液体培养基和发酵工艺条件。最佳培养基配方为：葡萄糖10g/L、玉米粉8g／L、豆粕粉25g／L、硫酸锰30．8mg／L、硫酸镁5g/L、磷酸二氢钠0．52g/L、磷酸氢二钠2．33g/L;最优发酵工艺条件：培养温度30℃,初始pH值7．0,最佳接种的菌龄是18小时。     

五种培养液对萱藻丝状体生长发育的影响

提要 本文以实验室保存的萱藻丝状体为材料,采用实验生态学方法,探讨了L1、PES、F1、f/2以及ESNW等五种培养液对萱藻丝状体生长发育的影响,并以去除氮或磷成分的L1培养液为基础,研究了不同外加浓度氮和磷对萱藻丝状体生长发育的影响。结果显示:(1)五种培养液中,L1培养液最有利于萱藻丝状体的生长发育,培养28天后,丝状体生物量增重倍比可达560.48%,孢子囊枝比例高达46.88%,孢子囊直径为18.95μm;(2)萱藻丝状体生长发育最适添加NO3--N浓度为6.00mg/L,在此NO3--N浓度条件下,萱藻丝状体生长速度最快,培养20天后,孢子囊枝比例高达46.78%,孢子囊直径可达18.78μm。在添加NO3--N浓度为0.00mg/L和高氮(96.00mg/L、192.00mg/L)条件下,萱藻丝状体生长速度均相对较慢,培养20天后,孢子囊枝比例分别仅为0.00%、9.06%和7.65%,孢子囊直径仅9.00~10.00μm;(3)萱藻丝状体生长发育的最适外加PO43--P浓度为1.32mg/L,在此PO43--P浓度条件下,萱藻丝状体生长速度最快,培养20天后,孢子囊枝比例高达47.12%,孢子囊直径可达18.89μm。外加PO43--P为0.00mg/L时,培养20天后,孢子囊枝比例仅为10.12%,孢子囊直径仅有9.78μm。外加PO43--P高于15.84mg/L时,均没有孢子囊枝的形成。研究证明,在萱藻丝状体的生长发育过程中,选择一种合适的培养液以及适时地控制硝酸盐与磷酸盐的浓度,使其维持在一定范围内,从而促进萱藻丝状体的快速生长,提高其孢子囊枝比例、增大孢子囊直径。     

鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养条件及培养基的优化

对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌（Nocardia seriolea）ZJ0503的增菌培养基和生长条件进行优化。研究了温度、盐度、初始pH对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌生长的影响,并通过单因素试验对培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐成分进行了筛选,采用正交实验法对培养基各主要成分的添加量进行了优化。结果表明,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌最适宜生长条件为温度25 ℃、盐度5、pH 6.5±0.2;经筛选,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养基中最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是酵母粉,促生长作用最强的2种无机盐是磷酸氢二钾（K2HPO4）和氯化钙（CaCl2）;确立了培养基优化配方为葡萄糖20 g·L-1,酵母粉15 g·L-1,K2HPO4 0.75 g·L-1,CaCl 20.2 g·L-1（单独灭菌）,氯化钠（NaCl2）5 g·L-1,pH 6.5±0.2。     

海链藻对氮磷需求量的研究

本实验初步研究了海链藻对氮磷的需求，研究结果表明：以等摩尔氮的NH4Cl、NaNO，和NFLNO3作为氮源时，选择NH4NO3为氮源可以获得较快的生长率并维持较长时间的指数生长期；氮源浓度的最适范围在0．54-1．08mmol／L之间。而2．16mmol／L以上的高浓度NH4NO3则对海链藻的生长有一定的抑制作用；在不同磷浓度(0．015-0．12mmol／L)的条件下，海链藻保持大致相同的生长速率。     

A pollen extender medium technology for seedless watermelon production by pollination with soft X-ray irradiated pollen

The inactivation of pollen by soft X-ray irradiation and subsequent artificial pollination are time-intensive practices used in the production of seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). Watermelon generally has a lot of staminate flowers; however, they only have a small amount of pollen. Watermelon pollen cannot be used in pollination under the present situation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which is the most effective pollen extender medium for cultivation of watermelon with soft X-ray irradiated pollen. In this experiment, ‘Agar,’ ‘Marriage powder,’ and ‘Sekishoshi’ (Lycopodium dyed red with safflower pigment) were used as extender media with soft X-ray irradiated pollen at equal or twice the weight of the pollen. When ‘Sekishoshi’ was used as an extender medium, fruit set was very low. A lot of deformed fruit was produced when agar was used with the pollen. On the other hand, when ‘Marriage powder’ was used in equal proportions with the pollen, fruit set was about 70% and, moreover, Brix was high. Thus, the mixture of ‘Marriage powder’ with an equal amount of pollen was the best for use in actual cultivation. We conclude, then, that soft X-ray irradiated pollen in an extender medium can be effectively adapted for producing seedless watermelons.     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.