茄子主要早熟相关性状研究

生产实践中评价茄子早熟性的主要指标是前期产量。为探究茄子早熟相关性状,进而辅助早熟育种,2012—2014年对总计138个紫圆茄杂交组合的主要农艺性状进行相关分析,并于2013、2014年对主要前期产量相关性状进行通径分析。3年相关分析结果显示,单株结果数和单果重与单株前期产量极显著相关,而始花节位与单株前期产量的相关性表现没有规律性,存在极限效应。2014年单株结果数和单果重对单株前期产量的直接通径系数分别为1.2073和0.7935,说明对单株前期产量有显著正向效应。因此选育早熟茄子品种首要的是提高单株结果数,在保证品质的同时选择大果且肉质紧密类型,不要过分依赖始花节位。     

抗逆、早熟、优质鲜食杏新品种选育

针对鲜食杏生产中存在的成熟期、品质、抗逆性和丰产性等方面的问题,以极早熟、果大质优、丰产、抗逆性强、耐贮藏为育种目标,采用自然杂交实生选育法,经过18a的选育,选育出抗逆早熟优质丰产的鲜食杏新品种：沧早甜杏1号和沧早甜杏2号(暂定名),两品种成熟期早,沧早甜杏1号5月25号前后成熟,沧早甜杏2号5月23号成熟,果个大,外形美观,花期抗低温,品质优良,综合性状明显优于其他品种,具有广阔的市场前景。     

添加烟草废弃物对堆肥腐熟度及抑制线虫作用的影响

以鸡粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥原料,在C/N为25与含水率为60%的条件下采用静态好氧堆肥工艺,研究了不添加烟草废弃物(CK)和在初始期(A)、高温期(B)、一次发酵完成(C)和陈化腐熟后(D)添加1.5%(干重质量比)烟草废弃物对堆体发酵温度、总碳(TC)、发芽率指数(GI)和根结线虫校正死亡率的影响。结果表明:添加烟草废弃物会降低堆肥发酵过程的温度,影响微生物对有机物料的分解,不利于堆肥物料的快速腐熟。CK处理的GI值在19d时已超过腐熟度标准80%的要求,而添加烟草的处理A、B和C的GI值在19d时仍低于80%;在处理45d时处理CK、A、B、C和D的GI值分别为102.6%、95.6%、85.8%、83.4%和70.4%;这表明烟草废弃物对植物生长具有一定的抑制作用。烟草废弃物和处理C与D堆肥产品浸出液的线虫校正致死率都达到了100%;而处理CK、A和B堆肥产品浸出液的线虫校正致死率依次为44.4%、28.2%和70.0%;这表明烟草废弃物经过发酵的时间越长,对线虫的抑制效果就越差;在堆肥一次发酵完成后添加烟草废弃物,不但可避免其对堆肥进程和植物生长的不利影响,而且经过陈化腐熟后仍能保持对根结线虫的抑制作用。     

桔小实蝇在云南蒙自地区的发生规律研究

桔小实蝇寄主范围广、繁殖量大、危害重,是世界性的重要检疫害虫。本文通过调查分析,研究了云南蒙自市的海拔、防治措施、果树种类三因素对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明,桔小实蝇在1412 m低海拔地区的种群数量大于1608 m和1700 m高海拔地区的,这说明海拔越高,桔小实蝇种群数量越小,危害也越小。根据在相似海拔地区相同果园桔小实蝇种群数量的比较,发现严格按照本课题组探索的防治措施做好桔小实蝇防治能收到良好的效果。蒙自市的水果成熟期不同,随着各种水果的成熟,桔小实蝇种群动态会出现多个峰值,3~5月桔小实蝇种群高峰期主要出现在枇杷园,7~10月主要出现在石榴园、小红枣园和水蜜桃园。对桔小实蝇在蒙自种群动态的调查,能够为下一步防治措施的制定做好准备。     

抗虫短季棉品种主要性状分析

[目的]在短季棉育种实践中达到性状选择的统一和平衡。[方法]为提高抗虫短季棉育种成效,以1998~2009年国审及省审的11个品种为材料,对其主要性状及性状之间的相互关系进行了分析。[结果]短季棉品种将早熟、高产、优质集于一身是可能的,是其多个性状协调配合的结果;形态性状选择可作为短季棉选育的一个重要手段;短季棉的抗病性还有待提高。[结论]该研究可为减少今后短季棉育种的盲目性提供参考依据。     

优质中熟线椒新品种辣丰三号的选育

辣丰三号是以M203-BY(6203)为母本、以M203-HF(8002)为父本配制而成的线椒新品种。该品种中熟,连续坐果能力强,果实细长、羊角形,果长22 cm、粗1.6 cm左右,单果质量22 g左右,果实光亮、顺直,果形整齐美观,青熟果深绿色、红果颜色鲜亮且不变软,辣味较强、口感佳,耐贮运、适应性广、收获期长,产量高,一般667 m2产量4 000 kg以上。     

Growth-independent effects of a fluctuating thermal regime on the life-history traits of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Abstract –  Temperature fluctuation has been shown to affect somatic growth rates and metabolic functions of fish, but little is known about the effects of fluctuating temperatures on life-history traits. We examined these effects on female Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) reared from hatch to maturity at two mean temperatures (27 and 30 °C) with diel temperatures either held constant or allowed to fluctuate ±5 °C. Feeding regimes were manipulated to equilibrate medaka growth rates in all treatments. Age and length at maturity decreased as a result of thermal fluctuation, whereas there was no effect of temperature fluctuation on the proportion of fish attaining maturity or on the number of eggs produced by a mature female. We hypothesise that short-term high temperatures associated with temperature fluctuation decreases development time, whereas reduced energy conversion efficiency at higher temperatures does not allow for increased egg production.     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

早熟葡萄新品种选育(Ⅰ)

“90 - 1”是从乍娜的芽变中选出的葡萄新品种。多年的研究试验表明 :该品种除保持母本的优质、丰产、适合保护地栽培等优良性状外 ,最突出的特点是极早熟 ,果实 6月下旬成熟 ,果实发育期 35d。果实不易感病 ,不宜用膨大剂处理。     

Effect of stage of maturity of whole-crop barley on intake and liveweight gain by dairy steers differing in initial live weight

The effect of maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley for ensiling on intake and liveweight gain of dairy steers differing in initial live weight (LW) was evaluated in an experiment over two years. Light (104–120 kg) and heavy (402–419 kg) dairy steers were fed diets containing predominantly whole-crop barley silage harvested at the milk stage [dry matter (DM) content of 284 g kg⁻¹ and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of 526 g kg⁻¹ DM] or the dough stage of maturity (DM content of 328 g kg⁻¹ and NDF concentration of 445 g kg⁻¹ DM) and supplemented with up to 1 kg of concentrate. Dry matter intake (g kg⁻¹ LW) was higher for whole-crop barley harvested at the dough stage than at the milk stage of maturity and the difference was greater in heavy than in light steers ( P <  0·001). Liveweight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio was lower for dough-stage compared with milk-stage silage ( P  <   0·05) but there was no interaction with size of steer. Whole-crop barley harvested at the dough stage of maturity promoted higher liveweight gains in dairy steers compared with whole-crop barley harvested at the milk stage due to a higher DM intake.