Viability retention of seeds of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) on the trees after maturity

In 1991 and 1992 studies on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. showed the availability of ample amount of viable seed from November to May. Viability of seeds collected from December to March was more than 90 per cent. There was a slight but significant decrease in germination from March to may. Again germination per cent was slightly and significantly decreased from May to July. Thereafter, seed availability and viability were got drastically reduced. Sufficient viable seed of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. can be collected at any time from November to July.     

Effect of collection date on capsule moisture content and germination of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle from central Himalaya

Seed maturity indices of Populus ciliata were investigated in collections from Sukhatal and Bhowali. Across both seed sources, mean capsule size varied from 68.0±1.5 mm² to 72.0±0.9 mm², while mean number of capsules/100 grams varied from 268±8 to 295±12. Mean weight of 100 capsules varied from 25.0±1.4 g to 27.0±1.4 g. Weight of 100 capsules among sources and individual trees differed significantly (P < 0.05), while number of capsules/100 grams and weight of 100 capsules was negatively correlated (r² = 0.69). As capsules matured moisture content decreased from 83.2±1.1% to 54.3±0.3% at Sukhatal and from 77.7±0.4% to 46.4±0.3% at Bhowali. The optimum germination was at 58–60% moisture content. Maturation was related to capsule colour changes as well as moisture content. These parameters were judged to be good indicators of when to collect P. ciliata seeds.     

香料烟烟叶成熟度的判断标准

根据实践经验,总结出香料烟烟叶成熟度的外观判断标准。     

Evaluation of maturity by use of pH indicators in sawdust-based cultures ofLentinula edodes

Colorimetric pH indicators were examined for their use in judging the culture maturity of sawdust-based cultures of shiitake,Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler. Bromophenol blue (BPB) was the preferred indicator for judging culture maturity. Culture pH changes were detected as changes in color from bluish purple to yellow by direct spraying. The pH values of such cultures varied from 6.3 before inoculation to 4.0 during the fruiting stage. Culture maturity assessment can be used to control fruit body flush timing. Measurement of BPB staining inL. edodes sawdustbased cultures showed a good correlation with fruit body yield of the first flush. This method was concluded to be of value for detecting fruiting potential and therefore may be useful for evaluating flush timing forL. edodes cultivators using sawdust-based methods.     

文心兰鲜切花最佳采收成熟度及其生理生化变化

以文心兰切花品种＂黄金3代＂（Oncidium Gower Ramsey‘Gold 3＇）为试验材料,研究和比较不同等级（A～D级）、不同采收成熟度（5～8分熟）的文心兰鲜切花瓶插寿命,以及去除花苞或花朵后的切花瓶插寿命影响.结果表明,在25℃和70%～80%相对湿度条件下用清水瓶插,文心兰鲜切花最佳采收成熟度为6分熟（A级）、7分熟（B级）和8分熟（C和D级）.文心兰鲜切花全部去除花朵后,与对照相比其花苞开放率略高,瓶插寿命延长2.3 d;而全部去除花苞后,其瓶插寿命比对照延长0.6 d,表明花苞与花朵之间存在营养竞争关系.同时,测定和分析了最佳采收成熟度的文心兰鲜切花在瓶插保鲜液条件下的生理生化性状变化.研究结果可为确定文心兰切花生产的最佳采收时间提供科学依据.     

早熟优质杂交水稻新组合安优136的选育

安优136是用黔恢136与安丰A配组育成的优质早熟三系杂交水稻新组合,经贵州省2008-2009年2 a区域试验鉴定,安优136平均单产9.62 t/hm2,比对照金优207增产9.27%;1 a生产试验鉴定,平均单产8.85 t/hm2,比对照金优207平均增产5.27%;稻瘟病抗性明显优于对照金优207,稻米品质达国标优质稻谷三级标准。2010年7月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

畜禽粪便堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系研究

以牛粪和猪粪两种畜禽粪便分别与秸秆混合堆肥.全面考察了堆肥过程中与腐熟度有关的理化指标和生物指标变化.结果表明.在3个月的堆肥熟化试验考察期内,堆肥初期堆体升温迅速,50℃上高温持续时间累计超过15 d;物料pH值先升后降,60d后稳定在8.0左右;含水率和C/N持续下降,C/N 60 d后接近20;氨氮含量呈先升后降趋势,胡敏酸和富里酸比值则先降后升;Solvita腐熟等级、种子发芽势和根系建成指标不断升高,而作物生长指标则无显著变化.由腐熟度指标相关性分析表明,最能体现堆肥腐熟程度的Solvita腐熟等级与C/N、种子发芽势、根系建成指标呈高度相关,与含水率和腐殖酸呈低度相关.据此,结合常规温度指标建立了堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系.用于科学指导农牧业废弃物堆肥质量控制.     

嘉峪关地区不同成熟度‘佳美’葡萄理化成分的研究

【目的】研究‘佳美’葡萄果实成熟期间葡萄皮和葡萄籽中理化成分及其相关性,为该地区‘佳美’葡萄成熟度的监控提供参考。【方法】以‘佳美’葡萄为试材,于不同的成熟度(采收日期08-19,08-26,09-02,09-09)采收取样,用模拟葡萄酒溶液分别提取葡萄皮和葡萄籽中的多酚,研究不同成熟度下葡萄皮和葡萄籽中的总酚、黄酮、总黄烷醇和单宁含量的差异,并对不同成熟度葡萄理化指标之间的相关性进行分析。同时利用主成分分析,对不同成熟度葡萄品质进行研究,确定嘉峪关地区‘佳美’葡萄的最佳采收期。【结果】随着成熟度的增加,‘佳美’葡萄的还原糖、糖酸比逐渐升高,总酸质量浓度逐渐降低。葡萄皮中的总酚、黄酮和总黄烷醇含量先上升后下降,单宁含量先下降后上升。葡萄籽中的总酚、黄酮、总黄烷醇和单宁含量均呈先下降后上升趋势。不同成熟度葡萄理化指标的相关性分析表明,葡萄皮中的总酚与总黄烷醇呈显著正相关,与葡萄籽总酚之间呈显著负相关,并且葡萄皮中的黄酮与葡萄籽中的黄酮、总黄烷醇和单宁之间均呈显著负相关,葡萄皮总黄烷醇与葡萄籽单宁含量之间呈显著负相关,葡萄籽黄酮、单宁和总黄烷醇含量之间呈极显著正相关。不同采收期葡萄果实品质排序为09-0909-0208-2608-19。【结论】葡萄果皮多酚含量显著升高,而葡萄籽中多酚含量显著降低,且不同采收期葡萄籽中的多酚均高于葡萄皮。嘉峪关地区‘佳美’葡萄的最佳采收日期在09-09前后。     

靖州杨梅引种试验与表型聚类分析

以靖州的传统品种木洞光叶和木洞大叶杨梅为对照,比较引进的早佳、早荠蜜梅、晚荠蜜梅、黑晶、荸荠种、东魁6个品种的叶片形态、果实品质、成熟期等主要农艺性状,并对品种叶片和果实表型性状进行聚类分析。结果表明,早佳与木洞光叶杨梅聚为一类,但早佳成熟期提早约7 d,表现出较好的早熟特性,具有极好的推广应用前景;荸荠种具有核小、可食率高等特点,在靖州表现出良好的适应性;东魁果大、商品性佳,其株产和售价是当地传统品种的1.96～1.98倍和2.67～3.48倍,栽培经济效益显著。     

风干预处理对堆肥腐熟度及臭气排放量的影响

该研究以风干猪粪堆肥为处理,以新鲜猪粪堆肥为对照,在秸秆调理相同C/N基础上,对两个处理腐熟度和臭气排放进行比较分析。从温度、p H值、电导率和发芽率来看,利用新鲜猪粪和风干猪粪堆肥所得的产品均能达到腐熟和无害化标准;在硫化氢、羰基硫、二硫化碳、甲硫醚、乙硫醚、二甲二硫、甲硫醇和乙硫醇几种含硫臭气中,甲硫醚和二甲二硫占96%以上;风干猪粪堆肥比新鲜猪粪堆肥少排放71.09%的氨气,66.11%的甲硫醚和9.66%的二甲二硫。在不考虑风干环节存在的问题条件下,与新鲜猪粪堆肥相比,风干猪粪堆肥堆肥时间短,在堆肥品质提高的基础上,堆肥产品产量增加60%。通过降低水分和体积风干猪粪运输成本降低1/3,且对环境影响小,是远距离资源化处理畜禽粪便的较好途径。