奶牛高产养殖技术要点分析

随着人民物质生活水平的不断提升,畜禽产品的需求量也在不断增大,奶牛产业作为畜牧业的重要组成部分,是农牧民增产、增收的重要途径。奶牛饲养过程中,泌乳量的多少直接影响奶牛养殖场（户）的经济效益,如何让奶牛充分发挥其泌乳性能一直是奶牛养殖过程中需要解决的问题。本文在阐述高产奶牛生产特点的基础上,从多个角度分析了奶牛高产养殖技术的要点,为奶牛养殖场（户）正确进行饲养和管理,充分发挥奶牛生产性能提供理论基础。     

Quantification of reservoir bags as airway pressure-limiting devices in a nonrebreathing system

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of reservoir bag types, volumes and previous use on the peak pressures (Pmax) and the times to develop 30 cmH₂O pressure (P30) within a nonrebreathing system with a closed adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve.Study designIn vitro study using three-way factorial design with repeated measure on one factor.SubjectsA total of 75 new anesthesia reservoir bags (five types, three volumes, five bags from each type × volume). The bag types were reusable latex (RL), disposable latex (DL) and three disposable neoprene (DN-1, DN-2 and DN-3).MethodsEach bag was tested three times (treatments): new, after prestretching and 1 week later. The bags were attached to a Bain system and anesthesia machine with closed APL valve and patient port with O₂ flow 2 L minute^–1 until Pmax was reached. The Pmax and time to reach P30 values were determined from recorded pressure traces. General linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the effects of bag type, volume and treatment. One-sided 95% upper prediction limits of Pmax were calculated to test the null hypothesis that predicted Pmax of new bags would be ≥ 50 cmH₂O for each factor combination.ResultsRL bags were the least and DN-3 bags were the most compliant. Prestretching increased compliance in all bag types. Smaller bags of RL, DL and DN-1 were less compliant than larger ones. The predicted Pmax values were < 50 cmH₂O only for DN-3 bags after prestretching. The time to reach P30 was critically low when using 0.5 L bags (median 17 seconds).Conclusions and clinical relevanceTo minimize the risk of barotrauma, highly compliant reservoir bags (e.g. DN-3) are recommended and reusable bags should be avoided. Bags should be prestretched before first use, 0.5 L bags should be avoided and fresh gas flow minimized.     

不同杀菌剂对当归主要病害的防效及经济效益比较

针对甘肃当归病害逐年加重态势, 采用田间随机区组试验, 分析比较70%噁霉灵WP?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP和80%代森锰锌WP对当归主要病害防效及经济效益, 以期筛选出最佳防控药剂?结果表明:3种杀菌剂均能不同程度防治当归病害, 其中以50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对褐斑病?麻口病防效最佳, 分别为70.38%~78.75%?84.48%~91.04%, 70%噁霉灵WP 0.34 g/L和80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L次之, 对褐斑病防效分别为59.14%~63.72%?58.14%~62.84%, 对麻口病防效分别为78.61%~83.57%?78.97%~83.57%?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L能很好地抑制当归抽薹, 抑制率达58.63%~63.15%?3种杀菌剂均能明显提高当归药材产量构成因子, 以80%代森锰锌WP 7.92 g/L处理增产增收效果最好, 两年平均增产量高达5 559.91 kg/hm2, 平均经济效益为194 136.65元/hm2, 但投入产出比最低, 为1∶480.63?50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L对当归病害防效及抽薹抑制率最高, 投入产出比为1∶634.02, 在此基础上综合考虑病害防效和经济效益, 50%氯溴异氰尿酸WP 1.86 g/L可作为生产上防控当归主要病害的主推药剂?     

励磁功率单元主回路快速故障诊断策略

分析总结了发电机组励磁系统功率单元的故障类型和常见故障,通过Matlab仿真功率单元主回路故障类型,重点研究基于故障频谱分析的定量故障特征提取和故障分类,提出了一种快速针对功率单元主回路的故障诊断真值表法,最后通过实验平台验证故障类别,结果表明：该方法能够正确有效地诊断出功率单元主回路具体的故障晶闸管,为励磁系统功率单元故障诊断提供依据。     

Saturation and Parameter Variation Influence Precision of Observer

The authors analyze the influence in vector controlled induction machine caused by parameter variation and main flux saturation affects speed estimation of adaptive state observer. According to simulation of the modified scheme with saturated induction motor model, it is proved that when the vector control scheme operates in field weakening region, the main flux saturation will obviously influence precision of speed observer and bring great error of speed estimation. Thereby, the main flux saturation should be compensated to improve performance of the vector control system.     

Application of Principal Component Analysis on Workable Competition Evaluation

The effective competition is an effective organizational form of the industry in modem market economy. It is a form accompanied with large - scale production and vigor competition. The analysis of effective competition has been the focus that people have paid close attention to it very much all the time. It is a basis of industrial policy, on the basis of the former research, the aufhors bring out 9 indexes according to the actual situation of our country, then take automobile trade as an example, we analyze the automobile trade with principal component.     

泵站继电保护设计方法

分析了进口、国产继电保护设备的不同，提出了对泵站继电保护二次回路的设计新方法。泵站二次设计可按照“单元”设置的原则，将泵站二次设计划分为10／6kV泵站进线、主机、站变、所变、联络等主要单元。     

CMOS集成块在水电站控制电路中的应用

在水电站控制电路中,为完成全站逻辑选控开停机,逻辑选控同期合油开关、跳油开关的功能,用CMOS集成电路替代分立元件,从而提高了水电站的自动化程度,缩小了集控台体积,也有利于安装、调试和维修。     

车辆用永磁发电机磁路分析与试验研究

应用等值磁路理论对磁路进行了分析，用图解法求解出钕铁硼永磁体的工作点，研制出了一种无电励磁绕组、无碳刷滑环结构，故障率低的永磁发电机，采用单相双半渡可控整流稳压式电子稳压器，集稳压、整流于一体，电能消耗少，发电效率高，解决了车辆用永磁发电机在变转速变负荷工况下输出电压保持稳定的问题。     

调速器主配中位自动诊断及智能纠偏技术研究与应用

液压随动系统主配电气中位未整定准确和温漂作用是调速器系统出现主配频繁调节的主要原因之一。技术人员对调速器液压随动系统进行深入的理论研究,提出了静态平衡理论和主配中位纠偏原理,探索出了主配电气中位自适应方法,进而通过调速器电气控制系统自适应控制功能软件开发,实现了主配电气中位自动诊断及智能纠偏功能,并通过真机测试验证其功能效果,完美解决了液压随动系统主配电气中位未整定准确或由于温漂作用导致的调速器系统主配频繁调节问题,保证了机组和电网安全稳定运行。