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41.
Protein and energy nutrition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at optimal and elevated temperatures 下载免费PDF全文
The digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) requirements for maintenance and growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined using a factorial model at either optimum (15 °C) or elevated temperature (19 °C). Several key parameters of the factorial model were measured using a series of inter‐related studies. The maintenance requirements for DP and DE were 0.10 gDP kg?0.69 day?1 (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg?0.78 day?1 (19 °C), and 34.86 kJDE kg?0.84 day?1 (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg?0.86 day?1 (19 °C). The total requirements for DP were 0.10 gDP kg?0.69 day?1 + 2.14PG (protein gain) (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg?0.78 day?1 + 1.98PG (19 °C). The total requirements for DE were 36.86 kJDE kg?0.84 day?1 + 1.58EG (energy gain) (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg?0.86 day?1 + 1.64EG (19 °C). The partial efficiencies for growth were 0.47 (15 °C) and 0.51 (19 °C) for protein, and 0.63 (15 °C) and 0.61 (19 °C) for energy. Nutrient gain was lower at the elevated temperature; however, feed formulation for brook trout should be adjusted to match changes in nutrient requirements at different culture temperatures. The protein and energy requirements model will be useful for developing commercial feeds and feeding charts for brook trout. 相似文献
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The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AA), protein, and energy in six feed ingredients (Brazilian fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, alcoholic yeast, corn, and wheat bran) we evaluated for pacu juveniles. In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all AA, and differences among ADCs of individual amino acid were detected ( P < 0.01). Corn gluten, soybean, and fish meals had the highest ADCs of AA. The ADCs of protein in fish meal, yeast, and corn gluten meal should not be used as AA digestibility indicators, because those showed differences up to 6.7% between the ADCs of protein and AA. All ingredients had lower ADCs of energy than corn gluten meal ( P < 0.01). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, and corn, and the second limiting amino acid in soybean meal, as methionine was the first limiting amino acid in soybean meal and yeast. However, the soybean meal was the best quality protein source, as it had the highest digestible essential amino acid index. This demonstrated that digestible amino acid values can be used to formulate practical diets for pacu, preventing potential deficiencies or excess that might cause environmental and economic losses. 相似文献
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报道了大银鱼混合营养期投喂小球藻,金藻,裸藻以及微粒仿生饲料的实验结果,其效果依次为金藻〉微粒仿生饲料〉小球藻〉裸藻。并观察了混合营养期仔鱼的形态变化,为大水面移植和小水体养殖大银鱼提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Sung-Yong Oh Choong Hwan Noh Rae-Seon Kang Chong-Kwan Kim Sung Hwoan Cho Jae-Yoon Jo 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):846-852
ABSTRACT: Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation. 相似文献
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Gireesh Raghavan Chanjaplackal Kesavan Haridevi & Cherukara Purushothaman Gopinathan 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(10):1053-1058
The marine diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus has been examined for its potential source as live feed in aquaculture. The present study investigated effects of temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), salinity (25 and 35) and carbon dioxide addition (air+CO2 ) on the growth and proximate composition of C. calcitrans under laboratory conditions. The growth and biomass of C. calcitrans were primarily affected by carbon dioxide addition, and to a lesser extent by temperature and salinity. In general, lipid and carbohydrate contents were higher at lower temperatures (20 and 25 °C), while the protein content was unaffected. Carbon dioxide addition increased protein, while lowering carbohydrates, but had no effect on lipid content. Carbohydrates were increased while lipids and protein decreased at the highest salinity (35±0.9). These results should be taken into consideration when evaluating the dietary value of this micro alga for aquaculture. 相似文献
49.
Dominant sources of dietary carbon and nitrogen for shrimp reared in extensive rice-shrimp ponds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michele A Burford Nigel P Preston Truong Hoang Minh Tran Thi Tuyet Hoa Stuart E Bunn & Vanessa M Fry 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(2):194-203
Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the sources of dietary nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) for shrimp during the rearing phase in extensive rice‐shrimp ponds in My Xuyen and Gia Rai districts, Vietnam. Farm‐made feed was added as a food source in shrimp ponds in My Xuyen district, and based on stable isotope analyses, was generally a poor dietary source. The commercial formulated feed used in Gia Rai also appeared to contribute little directly to the nutritional needs of the shrimp. In contrast, the natural biota in all ponds appeared to contribute substantially. In particular, biota from beam trawls and benthic organic matter were the most likely sources of nutrition in My Xuyen ponds, while benthic organic matter was the main source in Gia Rai ponds. δ15N ratios in the natural biota in My Xuyen farms decreased over the growing season, suggesting increased N fixation in the case of the benthic organic matter reaching values as low as 1‰. This suggests N‐limitation in the ponds and that natural biota become increasingly dependent on N fixed by algae and/or other microorganisms. There is the potential to promote the growth of the plankton and hence, the other natural biota, by the judicious addition of fertilizer. 相似文献
50.
水产颗粒饲料投饵装置的原理与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了离心抛撒式投饵机、气力输送式投饵机和水力输送式投饵机等三种型式投饵机的技术原理与应用,指出水力输送式投饵机适合水产湿颗粒饲料自动投饵,但应解决好湿颗粒饲料机生产能力与水力输送式投饵机投饵能力的衔接配套、降低湿颗粒饲料在输送过程中的饵料溃散技术,以及根据养殖品种不同,分别进行抛投技术处理等问题。 相似文献