动物生物安全二级实验室建设探讨

为满足兽用生物制品免疫攻毒试验需求,参照实验动物设施建设相关国家标准及生物安全实验室建筑技术规范,设计和建设了一个双走廊模式、屏障环境、符合生物安全二级要求的动物生物安全二级实验室(ABSL-2),可满足使用清洁级以上的实验动物进行的感染性试验的需求。本文针对ABSL-2的设施设计要点、生物安全控制等相关理念和内容进行了阐述,强调建设过程应高度关注生物安全防护问题,以期为建设相关单位建设实验室提供信息参考。     

Tono-Pen XL calibration curves for cats, cows and sheep

The objective of this study was to provide calibration curves for correcting intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained using the Tono-Pen XL tonometer in cats, cows and sheep. Twelve eyes from 9 cats, 13 eyes from 7 cows, 10 eyes from 5 sheep were used. The anterior chamber of the eye was cannulated in vivo, in situ (immediately post mortem) or ex vivo with a fine needle and IOP was varied from 10 to 90 mmHg in steps of 10 mmHg by adjusting the height of a saline reservoir connected to the needle. For each pressure setting, several readings of IOP were made using the tonometer. The relationship between Tono-Pen reading and manometer setting was linear over the full range of measurement. However, the slope of the data regression line deviated significantly from 1 and indicated that the instrument systematically underestimated IOP. For cats the average slope was 0.62 and for cows and sheep it was 0.72 and 0.69, respectively. For the latter animals, the regression line also had a nonzero intercept of approximately 4.5 mmHg. Similar results were obtained from in vivo and ex vivo eyes and with different Tono-Pen XL tonometers. Although developed for use on humans, the Tono-Pen XL can provide reproducible and accurate measurement of IOP in cats, cows and sheep when suitably calibrated by manometry. The calibration curves provided here, and by implication those reported for other animals using this tonometer, differ in slope from those measured with earlier models of the Tono-Pen. The reproducibility of the curves we obtained implies that they can be used to correct IOP readings from the Tono-Pen XL when manometry is not possible.     

Validation of the oscillometric blood pressure monitor Vet20 SunTech in anesthetized healthy cats

ObjectiveTo evaluate a veterinary-specific oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) system according to the guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Consensus Statement.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 33 client-owned cats (20 females and 13 males).MethodsCats were premedicated with methadone (0.3 mg kg⁻¹) and alfaxalone (2 mg kg⁻¹) intramuscularly. After 15 minutes anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (3%) in 100% oxygen by facemask while breathing spontaneously. A 22 gauge catheter was placed in the median caudal artery and systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures were measured. NIBP measurements were collected by placing the cuff (40% of limb circumference) on the right or left antebrachium. The agreement between the two methods was evaluated with the Bland–Altman methods, and the oscillometric NIBP device was evaluated using the ACVIM guidelines for validation of devices.ResultsData from 30 of the 33 cats were analyzed. Five paired measurements were taken from each cat, totaling 150 paired measurements. Mean bias (limits of agreements) for SAP, DAP and MAP were 2.7 (−22.7 to 28.1), 0.9 (−22.3 to 24.2) and 1.3 (−20.4 to 23.0). The oscillometric NIBP passed all validation criteria, except correlation which was <0.9 for SAP, DAP and MAP.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe Vet20 did not meet all validation criteria by the ACVIM. However, all criteria except correlation were met.     

超高压提取黄精多糖及提高运动耐力机制

为确定炮制黄精多糖(PPP)的最佳提取工艺,本试验以黄精为原料,进行炮制,利用超高压技术提取PPP,分析了压力强度、保压时间、料液比对PPP提取率的影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法(RSM)优化PPP提取条件,并对所得多糖进行动物体内试验,分析小鼠血清、肝脏和左腿腓肠肌中相关酶的活性变化,探究其提高机体运动耐力机制。结果表明,PPP最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比23 mL·g^-1、保压时间6.73 min,压力强度293 MPa,在此条件下PPP得率为13.46%;能显著提高小鼠力竭游泳时间(P<0.05),相比于游泳对照组,小鼠血清中尿素氮(SUN)、乳酸(Lac)和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降(P<0.05),同时乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性下降、Ca²⁺Mg²⁺-ATP酶及肌酸激酶(CK)活性上升,对提高小鼠运动耐力具有较好的效果。本研究结果为超高压提取PPP奠定了基础,并为PPP提高运动耐力的机制研究提供了数据支持。     

血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度的双向选择对肉鸡腹脂、肝脂和产肉性能的影响

对零世代８周龄血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度进行降低腹脂的间接选择，一世代取得了明显效果：腹脂和肝脂向两极分化，其中肌胃脂和肝脂选择反应较大。低血浆ＶＬＤＬ的选择使腹脂降低，肝脂增加，对产肉性状未产生不利影响。９周龄腹脂率、板油率和肌胃脂率在高ＶＬＤＬ系分别高于低ＶＬＤＬ系２１％，１６％和５１％；肌胃脂率品系间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。品系与性别互作对肌胃脂率有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。腹脂、肌胃脂存在性别差异，腹脂率雌性略高于雄性，而肌胃脂率雄性高于雌性。９周龄肝脂率，高ＶＬＤＬ系显著低于低ＶＬＤＬ系（Ｐ＜０．０１），雌性高于雄性。一世代８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ产生了直接选择反应，血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度，高ＶＬＤＬ系高于低ＶＬＤＬ系。血浆ＶＬＤＬ存在性别差异，雄性高于雌性。一世代高、低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆ＶＬＤＬ和腹脂的变异系数仍然很大，继续对其选择仍然有效。由于血浆ＶＬＤＬ属中等遗传力，并且家系间差异显著，因此，在世代选育中应采取家系结合个体选择法     

内蒙古通辽市2011年7月15—16日强对流降水过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及数值预报产品等资料对2011年7月15—16日内蒙古通辽市出现的一次强对流降水天气过程进行了分析,结果表明,有利的大尺度环流、充沛的水汽条件、高空急流的存在、低空水汽的辐合、强的上升运动及不稳定能量的作用,是激发该次对流降水极为有利的因素。如果能通过对该次降水过程的总结,得出一些经验和指标,并应用于今后的预报工作当中,为今后的强对流降水预报提供参考依据,将会对提高预报准确率起到至关重要的作用。     

Comparative diagnostic test characteristics of oscillometric and Doppler ultrasonographic methods in the detection of systolic hypertension in dogs

Comparison of test characteristics allows a clinician to choose the optimal diagnostic test method for an individual patient. This study assessed the comparative test characteristics of noninvasive (NI) blood pressure measurement methods (oscillometric and Doppler) and used this information to develop optimal cutoff values for diagnosis of systolic hypertension in dogs by these NI methods. Simultaneous NI (oscillometric or Doppler methods) and invasive (arterial puncture [AP]) systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained prospectively from normal dogs and dogs suspected of having systemic hypertension based on clinical signs. Oscillometric SBP readings were obtained from the distal hind limb (Osc-L, n = 54) or the proximal tail (T. n = 27). Doppler BP measurements were obtained using a forelimb cuff (n = 57). AP-SBP was categorized as hypertensive if > or = 160 mmHg, and sensitivity (Se). specificity (Sp), and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated for diagnostic cutoff values ranging from 130 to 220 mmHg. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to determine optimal cutoff values for diagnosis of AP-SBP > or = 160 mmHg. Optimal NI SBP cutoff values considered to reflect AP values > or = 160 mmHg were: Osc-L = 160 mmHg (Se: 65%, Sp: 85%. LR = 4.33: 1), Osc-T = 150 mmHg (Se: 84%, Sp: 75%, LR = 3.36: 1), and Doppler = 160 mmHg (Se: 71%,