Effect of topical anesthesia on evaluation of corneal sensitivity and intraocular pressure in rats and dogs

Objective To determine the effect of 0.5% proparacaine in tonometry by evaluating corneal touch threshold (CTT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Animal studied Nine rats (18 eyes, Sprague–Dawley) and 10 dogs (20 eyes, Beagle) Procedures The IOP and CTT were measured in each eye before and after topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine. The IOP was evaluated using Tonopen for dogs and Tonolab for rats. The corneal sensitivity was evaluated by CTT through a Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer. Results The mean IOP was not significantly changed in rats or dogs before and after topical anesthesia. However, after application of proparacaine, CTT was significantly increased in both animal groups compared with that before application of proparacaine. Conclusion From this study, topical anesthesia was found to significantly lower the corneal sensitivity but have little effect on IOP measurements. In ophthalmologic examination, topical anesthesia can be used to reduce corneal sensation without an effect on IOP.     

Comparison of a rebound and an applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure in normal rabbits

Objective To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made on healthy adult rabbits without the effect of tranquilizers using the new applanation tonometer, Tono‐Pen Avia^®, and the rebound tonometer Tonovet^®. Methods Intraocular pressure was measured throughout the day (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h) in 38 adult New Zealand White rabbits (76 eyes). The animals were 20 males and 18 females, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and an average age of 6 months. A complete ocular exam (including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining, slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy) was performed on all animals at the beginning of the trial. Rebound tonometry was performed, and after 10 min, anesthetic drops were instilled and applanation tonometry was carried out. IOP values obtained using the two techniques were analyzed statistically. Results The mean IOP was 9.51 ± 2.62 mmHg with Tonovet^®, and 15.44 ± 2.16 mmHg with the Tono‐Pen Avia^®. Significant differences between measurements with the two tonometers were observed (P < 0.001). The linear regression equation describing the relationship between the two tonometers was y = 0.4923x + 10.754 (y = Tonovet^® and x = Tono‐Pen Avia^®). High IOPs were recorded in the early measurements (6:00), but the average IOPs from both devices were statistically similar throughout the day (P = 0.086). The correlation coefficient was r² = 0.357. No significant difference in IOP regarding gender was observed. Conclusion The Tono‐Pen Avia^® recorded higher levels of IOP compared with the Tonovet^®. Early in the day, the IOP of rabbits was higher than later in the day, regardless of the tonometer used.     

蚕丝脱胶方法的比较分析

对高温高压水、尿素溶液和碳酸钠溶液煮沸的蚕丝脱胶方法作了比较研究。结果表明 ,蚕丝在高温高压条件下丝胶蛋白易于溶解 ,脱胶率达 80 %以上 ,获得的丝胶分子量大 (10～ 2 0 0kD) ;在碱性的碳酸钠溶液中煮沸脱胶 ,丝胶蛋白易于降解或水解 ,其回收的丝胶分子量 2 0kD以下。蚕丝在高温高压水或高温高压尿素溶液中的脱胶率都随着处理温度和压力的增大而提高 ,而回收的丝胶蛋白分子量随着处理温度和压力的增大而下降。高温高压水蚕丝脱胶法是一种高效率、低成本、无污染的脱胶方法 ,特别适用于绢纺厂、丝棉厂等蚕丝的脱胶与加工以及纺织厂生丝的精练等。     

白花草木樨第二次轮回选择半同胞家系农艺性状的遗传变异分析

为了选育出优质、高产、低香豆素的白花草木樨新品种,在前期完成第一次轮回选择的基础上,开展了25份白花草木樨半同胞家系的第二次轮回选择,在甘肃省榆中县和临泽县进行产量、品质、香豆素含量等农艺性状评价。方差分析结果表明半同胞家系间株高、干重、纤维、香豆素含量等性状具有显著的基因型变异（P<0.05）,且干重、株高、茎粗等性状在两地点间存在显著的基因型与环境互作（P<0.05）,根据基因型方差预测干重与株高的遗传增益增加百分比分别为4.3%和2.6%。相关性分析表明,茎粗与干重、株高有极显著（P<0.01）的正相关关系,粗蛋白与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维有极显著的负相关关系。主成分分析反映出各农艺性状间的关系和25份半同胞家系在各性状上的表现,聚类分析将25份家系分为4个组,其中第4组具有较高的干重、粗蛋白和最低的香豆素含量。通过对25份半同胞家系的第二次评价将为白花草木樨新品系选育奠定基础。     

不同稀释液生理参数对关中奶山羊精液 保存及冷冻效果的研究

[目的]探讨了不同pH值、渗透压的稀释液对关中奶山羊冻精品质的影响,以确定关中奶山羊精液最佳保存与冷冻效果。[方法]通过显微检测在不同pH值、渗透压的稀释液处理对降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子的活率、复苏率、精子顶体完整率、精子畸形率及精子冻后存活时间等指标进行评估。[结果],关中奶山羊精液稀释液pH值为7.3时,降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子活率最高,分别达到0.742±0.011%、0.645±0.011%、0.489±0.012%;冻后活率、复苏率及解冻后顶体完整率分别达到0.431±0.009%、63.1±0.427%、65.7±2.018%;精子存活时间在降温前、平衡后及解冻后分别达到12.50±0.141h、11.96±0.186h、11.61±0.753h,冻后 8 h 活率0.52±0.014%;当渗透压为Δ0.754℃时,其精子的保护效果最佳,降温前、平衡后与解冻后的精子活率分别达到0.752±0.045%、0.671±0.024%、0.649±0.036%;冻后活率、复苏率及解冻后顶体完整率分别达到0.481±0.019%、63.6±0.377%、69.9±1.068%;精子存活时间在降温前、平衡后及解冻后分别达到11.82±0.165h、11.94±0.145h、11.70±0.753h,冻后 8 h 活率达到0.43±0.033%。[结论]关中奶山羊精液稀释液最合适的pH值是7.3,最佳渗透压为Δ0.754℃,这一结果对奶山羊稀释液配方优化提供了一定的理论指导。     

苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

为探讨烯效唑(S3307)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5d)和叶面喷施20mg·L^-1S3307处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S3307响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S3307与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S3307通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。     

Breeding distribution and maternal genetic lineages in Lulu,a dwarf cattle population in Nepal

Lulu is a dwarf cattle population bred in the Mustang district of western and central Nepal. This area is located around the habitat boundary between Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The peculiarities of Lulu are their small size (weight range in the adult female: 68–153 kg) and rearing in high mountain areas at 2800 m to 4000 m in altitude. There were 5770 head of Lulu cattle in the Mustang district in 1998, 4333 females and 1437 males. The morphological appearance of Lulu is Bos taurus. However, one of the five Lulu studied in Kagbeni, Mustang had a Bos indicus mitochondrial DNA type based on the D‐loop sequence, while the other four were Bos taurus. It is suggested that there are hybrids of Lulu with Bos indicus maternal lineage in a mostly taurine‐breed genetic background. Steps must be taken to preserve the unique Lulu.     

超高压均质对牛乳中微生物和酶的影响研究进展

超高压均质作为一种新兴的加工方式,与传统热处理和静态超高压相比,动态超高压处理具有可连续化、经济及热负荷低等诸多优点.随着压力的提高,高压均质带来的剪切、湍流和空化现象急剧增加,产品在处理过程中的温度瞬间增加,这为牛乳的杀菌和灭酶提供了新的途径.本文总结超高压均质在牛乳微生物和酶中的应用研究,现有的研究表明超高压均质对...