The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.     

Effect of mate selection on fuzzy selective mating criteria in closed dairy multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus programs

In order to control rates of response and inbreeding, mate selection using fuzzy selective mating criteria (FMC) was investigated in adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. Stochastic simulation was used to model the closed nucleus scheme. This mate selection was examined in four alternative mating and male selection schemes: (i) a hierarchical scheme; (ii) a hierarchical sibship scheme (two males per sibship); (iii) a factorial scheme (two sires per dam); and (iv) a factorial sibship scheme (two males per sibship and two sires per dam). Genetic response and inbreeding rate tended to be reduced by increasing the trade-off parameter of FMC between the expected breeding value and inbreeding of progeny. Inbreeding rates in all schemes were reduced by reducing the variance of family size through selection and the average coancestry of mating pairs through mate allocation.     

2020年新疆地区规模化猪场猪PCV2抗体检测与分析

为了解新疆地区2020年规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型的免疫抗体水平,选择新疆地区6个规模化猪场,针对不同日龄段的猪采集血清样品333份,采用猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测方法进行抗体检测分析.结果发现,2020年新疆地区规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型平均抗体阳性率为77.78％(259/333),平均抗体阳性率符合国家标准.但...     

雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平的研究

采用玉米-豆饼型饲粮(含Mn19ppm),对210只1日龄北京雏鸭进行补锰试验,试验分7组,锰添加水平(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)按1～7组顺序依次为0,20,45,60,85,110,135ppm,试验期3周,研究雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平。结果为,饲粮锰水平不影响雏鸭体增重,日采食量和饲料转化率(P>0.05);胫骨锰浓度随饲粮锰水平增加呈线性上升(P<0.01);肝、肾、胰、心组织锰浓度和肝脏含锰的SOD酶活性可与饲粮锰水平拟合为相应的二次曲线模式(P<0.001),上述软组织锰浓度和肝SOD酶活性达到平衡时,所需饲粮锰依次为110.05,100.00,122.91,113.99和116.00ppm。综合试验结果考虑,雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平为110ppm。     

日粮蛋白水平对生长牦牛血液中若干代谢激素和代谢物的影响

对３头生长阉牦牛在饲喂等能（９．６ＭＪＭＥ／ｋｇＤＭ）不同蛋白水平的日粮时的外周血液若干代谢激素和代谢物浓度进行测定。结果表明，日粮蛋白水平由８％升至１２％后，生长牦牛血清尿素氮浓度增加３９．０％，血糖水平升高６３．５％，血清胰岛素水平升高７６．３％，Ｔ３浓度降低２０．７％，Ｔ４浓度不变，皮质醇浓度则由２．０１μｇ／ｄｌ全部降到检测线以下。     

内蒙古通辽市2011年7月15—16日强对流降水过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及数值预报产品等资料对2011年7月15—16日内蒙古通辽市出现的一次强对流降水天气过程进行了分析,结果表明,有利的大尺度环流、充沛的水汽条件、高空急流的存在、低空水汽的辐合、强的上升运动及不稳定能量的作用,是激发该次对流降水极为有利的因素。如果能通过对该次降水过程的总结,得出一些经验和指标,并应用于今后的预报工作当中,为今后的强对流降水预报提供参考依据,将会对提高预报准确率起到至关重要的作用。     

夏玉米各器官氮素积累与分配动态及其对氮肥的响应

为探明夏玉米各器官氮素积累与分配动态及其对氮肥的响应,以郑单958为材料,设置5个施氮水平进行了连续2年的大田定位研究。结果表明,除籽粒外各器官的氮素积累进程都呈单峰曲线,茎鞘在吐丝期达到峰值,而叶片、苞叶和穗轴则到吐丝后12 d左右达到峰值,之后逐渐下降;籽粒和整株的氮素积累随生育进程持续增加,成熟期最高。与其他器官相比,叶片对氮素供给更敏感,氮胁迫使叶片氮素积累高峰提前,促进氮素提前向外转运,导致其率先衰老。施氮能提高各器官在各生育时期的氮素积累量和积累速率,但不改变氮素积累变化趋势。总体上,施氮量180 kg N hm^-2可满足夏玉米对氮素的需求,获得较高的产量。以各器官氮素积累最大值与成熟期的差值计算,各处理再转运氮素对籽粒的贡献率均表现为叶片>茎鞘>穗轴>苞叶,各器官再转运氮素对籽粒贡献率之和平均为53.3%,其中苞叶和穗轴占12.3%,也是籽粒中氮素来源的重要组成部分。     

工业氟污染对小尾寒羊牙齿和骨骼中氟含量的影响

于工业氟污染区选取4只雌性氟斑牙小尾寒羊作为试验组,于氟安全区另选4只健康小尾寒羊作为对照组;分别采集其肋骨及牙齿,利用氟离子选择电极法测定了其骨氟及牙氟含量。结果表明,氟污染区小尾寒羊的骨骼和牙齿中氟含量均明显高于氟安全区,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;氟污染区骨氟含量较对照组相对增长了73.5%;试验组牙氟含量较对照组相对增长了161.6%;表明氟在牙齿中的蓄积程度高于骨骼。本试验为进一步研究氟中毒对牙齿和骨骼的损伤机理奠定基础。     

加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌acrA mRNA表达水平的影响

为了解加减三黄汤对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,采用实时荧光定量方法检测了外输泵acrA mRNA表达水平的变化。将100只昆明系小鼠分为阳性组(感染耐药性大肠杆菌2 751株和2 952株),阴性组,攻毒治疗组(2 751株+加减三黄汤,2 952株+加减三黄汤),8d后将鼠随机剖杀,取肝组织抹片培养大肠杆菌,做药敏试验,同时提取质粒,检测大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达量。结果显示,经加减三黄汤在体治疗后的大肠杆菌耐药性下降了,每μL中mRNA拷贝数为2 751株最高达1016,2 952株1015;用药后各菌株均有下降;相差极显著(P≤0.01),耐药性越大的拷贝数越多。表明加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达水平影响与耐药性有一定的相关性。