基于GIS的仙游县土地利用与滑坡灾害敏感性分析

利用滑坡灾害敏感性系数(SCi)及确定性系数(CF)对不同土地利用类型的滑坡灾害综合敏感性进行分析.结果表明:2种系数反映的土地利用对滑坡灾害的敏感程度基本一致,但不同的土地利用类型对滑坡灾害发生的敏感性强弱不同,其中以居民点及独立工矿用地对滑坡灾害的发生最敏感,其次为园地、耕地、牧草地及林地.而敏感性较低的为其它农用地、水利设施用地和未利用地,交通运输用地在一定的缓冲带范围内对滑坡有明显的影响.     

村镇建设用地集约利用评价研究

土地集约利用已经受到政府、学者及社会的高度关注,但村镇土地集约利用研究目前仍比较薄弱。该文通过参考相关文献并结合我国的实际情况,构建了村镇建设用地集约利用评价指标体系,并确定了评价方法。在GIS技术支持下,以太仓市浏河镇为例,通过层次分析法确定了具有区域特色的指标体系,利用特尔菲法及综合指数模型法等计算了其集约利用程度和集约利用潜力。结果表明:浏河镇建设用地集约利用程度为57.87%,处于基本集约水平,集约利用的结构潜力为3.43 hm²,强度潜力为399.48 hm²,整理潜力较大。依据评价结果提出了基于浏河镇的“引导集中式”和“加大规划力度”的挖掘潜力的建议,为浏河镇土地集约利用提供了重要的基础支撑,具有一定的指导意义。     

Influence of different land uses on soil nitrogen transformations after conversion from an Indian dry tropical forest

The effects of alternate land uses, such as grassland, cropland and mine spoil on mineral nitrogen (N), N-transformation rate and microbial biomass N (MBN) in dry tropical forest soils of India were studied. The mean annual mineral N in the forest, grassland, cropland and mine spoil ecosystems, respectively ranged from 15.24 to 19.58, 17.8 to 18.56, 16.49 to 19.85 and 10.52 to 13.44 µg g^− 1, net nitrification rate from 14.15 to 23.4, 10.11 to 11.38, 8.07 to 9.16, 10.52 to 13.44 µg g^− 1mo^− 1; net N-mineralization rate from 17.38 to 26.36, 13.99 to 15.41, 10.99 to 12.5, 5.43 to 7.68 µg g^− 1mo^− 1and and microbial biomass N from 41.25 to 58.87, 34.47 to 47.95, 27.88 to 30.43 and 22.95 to 25.26 µg g^− 1, respectively. The values were within the range reported by previous studies in different tropical environments. The mean annual net nitrification rates declined after conversion into grassland, cropland and mine spoil by 43, 54 and 78%, respectively, net N mineralization by 33, 46 and 70%, and microbial biomass N by 29%, 42% and 52%, respectively.The MBN was positively related to root biomass and total plant biomass, while microbial-N and inorganic N are reciprocally, while nitrification and N-mineralization are directly related to seasonal soil moisture and temperature. The microbial biomass N, nitrification and N-mineralization are negatively related to smaller fraction (< 0.1 mm) of the soil. Above- and below-ground biomass also have had their impact on microbial biomass N, and thereby N-mineralization. Thus, in dry tropical forests, land-use change affects remarkably the nitrogen transformation process in soil.     

河南省东北部农用地肥力分析

基于土地生态健康评价原理,选取土地肥力指标对土地健康进行评价,为土地利用调控提供依据.以河南省东北部三县为例,通过对研究区域内土地质量进行调查,得到土地肥力空间分布格局,并以此为依据计算土地肥力健康综合指数.将影响土地肥力的因子指标进行综合分析,结果表明,研究区域土地肥力健康综合指数均在中等以下.研究区土地肥力健康综合指数和相应的指标体系能较为合理地反映土地健康、土地利用、经济布局与资源环境承载力相适应,能够为区域可持续发展提供理论基础.     

城市土地集约利用效益障碍因子研究——以咸宁市为例

提高城市土地集约利用效益是建设"两型社会"的必然要求。从社会发展、经济水平、生态响应、环境质量四个方面构建城市土地集约利用效益评价指标体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法和障碍度模型,对咸宁市城市土地集约利用效益及障碍因子进行分析。研究表明:(1)1999—2010年咸宁市城市土地集约利用效益在波动中呈稳步上升态势,年均增长速度为10.38%,研究后期增幅更快。城市土地集约利用效益经历了低级(1999—2001年)、中度(2002—2007年)和良好(2008—2010年)三个阶段,中度效益阶段占主导地位;(2)经济水平和生态响应对城市土地集约利用效益的影响较大。2010年以前,人均国内生产总值是最大障碍因子。2010年,单位面积废气排放量是最大障碍因子。     

公众参与农村闲置宅基地整理的研究综述

农村闲置宅基地整理是我国土地整理中的重要组成部分,有效的公众参与可以使农村闲置宅基地整理成为真正的"民心工程"。文章分析了以德国和荷兰为代表的国外土地整理中公众参与的研究进展,并与我国公众参与农村闲置宅基地整理的现状进行了对比,针对我国公众参与在农村闲置宅基地整理的方式和法律保障等方面的问题提出了建议。     

农村土地承包经营权流转价格初探

从理论层面剖析了农村土地承包经营权流转价格的产权本质、构成及其实现形式。经分析认为,农地价格是农地的产权价格;土地承包经营权流转价格是土地承包经营权转移在经济上的实现形式,在实践中以现金、实物、股权等方式体现。     

模糊分类在土地利用/覆盖变更调查中的应用

模糊分类是近年来在遥感影像分类中引入的一种新的研究方法,是一种针对不确定性事物的分析方法。它以模糊集合论作为基础,运用数学模型计算它对于所有集合的隶属度,然后根据隶属度的大小,确定归属。笔者把“模糊分类”方法运用于吉林省白山市八道江区土地利用/覆盖变更调查中,从试验结果发现“模糊分类”在复杂地块影像分类中较传统的贝叶斯分类有更好的分类结果。     

The influence of instream cover and predation risk on microhabitat selection of stone loach Barbatula barbatula (L.)

Abstract— The microhabitat selection of stone loach ( Barbatula barbatula ) in relation to instream cover and predation risk was investigated in artificial streams. In one experiment, stone loach were presented different combinations of shelter structures, two at a time, that provided visual isolation, flow refuge, both, or none. In all cases, visual isolation shelters were selected by the fish, with little use of clear shelters and no apparent selection of flow refuges. In a second experiment, diel activity patterns and habitat selection of stone loach were measured when visual isolation structures were placed in the riffle only, pool only, both riffle and pool or in no habitat. Stone loach were marked with passive integrated transponder tags and a sensor plate was placed between the riffle and pool habitats to measure diel activity patterns. Habitat use was measured by releasing drop gates between the two habitats at the end of each trial. More stone loach used the pool than the riffle in all treatments, but use of the riffle increased when cover was present only there. Furthermore, stone loach were most active between 2100 and 0300. To determine the effect of predation threat on habitat use by stone loach, one adult brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) was added to each pool. The presence of trout caused stone loach to move into the riffle, especially the smaller loach. Overall, the study showed that stone loach used cover in a visual isolation context, preferring deeper water when there was no predation risk, but made more use of shallower water in the presence of brown trout.     

沙化土地信息提取研究

采用LandsatETM 多时相影像,在地类光谱特征分析的基础上,用分层分离的方法,提取出沙化土地信息。以全国沙漠化普查地类划分标准中的植被覆盖度为确定沙化土地程度的依据,通过建立NDVI和实测植被覆盖度的回归模型,确定不同程度沙化土地对应的植被覆盖度与NDVI的对应关系,用NDVI阈值进行划分,得到沙化土地程度图。