How do Swiss dog owners visiting a dog exhibition understand feed labels?

While teaching, the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the University of Zurich (IANZ) noticed that veterinary students, veterinarians and pet owners have significant difficulties in reading and understanding pet food labels (PFL). The authors hypothesized that if PFL are easy to read and understand, 90% of those dog owners (n = 43) polled at a dog exhibition are able to answer a questionnaire after reading an exemplary PFL modified from existing products. About 30.2% of the participants were able to compare the protein content of a canned diet versus a dry diet. About 34.9% were able to estimate and compare the carbohydrate content of two dry diets by reading the composition. About 32.6% identified which of the two dry diets was potentially a complete diet by reading the listed ingredients. The results show that a majority of the participants was overwhelmed with the task of reading and understanding the exemplary PFL. An improvement of public education on the basics of product labelling or additional simplified information on the labels might be helpful.     

竹制品标识在现代园林中的应用

现代社会人们纷纷追求高品质的生活,绿色设计、人文设计顺应潮流茁壮发展。在园林标识领域,竹材以其独特的材质、材料特征及丰厚的文化底蕴成为重要的选材。本文以具体的设计制作来体现竹制标识在园林中的应用,通过实例图片阐述不同竹制标识的设计过程,特别针对设计构思的渊源、造型以及与环境的协调做了详细叙述,也以此论证竹子有着更为广泛的使用范围。     

规范种子包装标签减少种子质量纠纷

农作物种子标签,不仅是明示种子质量信息的重要载体,也是明确种子质量责任的主要证据。《农作物种子标签通则》的颁布和实施,除规范农作物种子标签的标注、制作与使用行为外,对于保护种子使用者、种子生产者、经营者的合法权益起重要保障作用。     

食品安全信息标签猪肉的消费偏好与生产意愿差异研究北大核心CSCD

食品安全信息标签是传递食品信息的重要工具,研究生产者和消费者对具有不同信息标签食品的供求差异,对保障食品安全具有重要意义。本文构建了食品安全信息标签所包含的四种不同信息属性及相应层次,以猪肉为例,利用浙江省生猪养殖户和猪肉消费者的调查数据,运用选择实验法,借助随机参数Logit模型实证分析养殖户与消费者对具有不同食品安全信息标签猪肉的生产意愿和消费偏好的差异,探讨养殖户对不同食品安全信息标签的实际采纳行为和消费者对相应标签的支付意愿。结果表明,在产地、合格证、可追溯和认证四类信息属性中,除认证信息外,消费者更偏好可追溯信息,而养殖户更愿意提供产地信息。尽管养殖户对提供认证信息表现出较为强烈的意愿,但实际生产中的采纳率仅为1.81%。消费者偏好包含更高层次食品安全信息标签的猪肉,对委托检验合格的合格证具有更高的偏好,但养殖户的生产意愿却为负。消费者对自检合格的合格证的支付意愿仅为1.385元/kg,但愿意为追溯到养殖环节的可追溯信息支付超过20%的溢价,然而在实际生产中,养殖户对可追溯信息的采纳率不足10%。因此,养殖户要加大对信息层次更丰富的食品安全信息标签的使用,市场和政府应增加对养殖户参与可追溯体系、开具合格证的激励,加强对养殖户的教育培训。     

电子标签技术在动物管理上的应用

分析了对动物进行识别与跟踪管理的重要性,介绍了电子标签系统的工作原理,阐述了电子标签技术在动物管理上的具体应用.     

WTO/TBT框架下纺织品与服装护理标签壁垒应对的法律对策

通过立法规范纺织品与服装护理标签,是发达国家保护国际贸易的重要手段之一,也是WTO/TBT协议的基本要求。其重要性自不待言。但反观我国,在这一方面问题颇多。通过对WTO/TBT协议有关内容的简要解读,以及中外纺织品与服装护理标签制定的比较,就如何应对国外〖CS0,0,0,204〗纺织品与服装护理标签壁垒提出自己的思考和建议。     

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus

AIM: To describe features of the morphology of the carpus, quantify the thickness of hyaline and calcified cartilage, and to describe the morphology and density of subchondral bone in the third carpal bone (C3) of young Thoroughbred horses in early training.

METHODS: C3 of seven 2-year-old horses in training and seven untrained horses matched for age, sex and breed were assessed by gross appearance, computed tomography, fine-structure radiography, image analysis of high-resolution photographs, and histology.

RESULTS: Macroscopic lesions in cartilage were few and mild, and not significantly different between groups. High bone mineral density (BMD), in some cases typical of cortical bone, was confined to the dorsal load path, and was significantly higher in trained than in untrained horses (p<0.01). In the most dorsoproximal aspect of the radial articular facet, apparently outside the dorsal load path, the BMD in both trained and untrained horses was significantly less than in other regions of interest (ROIs). Adaptive increase in density was associated with thickening of the (junctions of) trabeculae oriented proximo-distally. Hyaline cartilage was thicker (p<0.001) in the concavity of the radial articular facet than dorsal or palmar to it, and was thicker in the trained than untrained group (p=0.007). No such differences were detected in the thickness of articular calcified cartilage (ACC).

CONCLUSIONS: The rapid response of bone in C3 to relatively small amounts of high-speed exercise was confirmed. A previously unreported increase in thickness of hyaline cartilage was evident, perhaps indicating that this tissue may be more responsive than hitherto thought, at least to particular types of exercise at particular times. These changes occurred with little evidence of abnormality, and thus appeared to be adaptive to the exercise regimen. The model developed should be used for further definition of the exercise stimulus required to produce adaptive, protective changes in sites susceptible to athletic injury.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data will serve as reference for use in subsequent imaging studies in which sophisticated aids such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to predict carpal lesions.     

农药标签与农药产品警示缺陷的侵权责任——从裁判文书看我国司法对农药标签的认知

农药标签记载标明农药产品的性质、特点等基本属性,是传递农药使用技术服务信息、指导农药经营者正确经营的不可替代的途径,也是农药产品警示缺陷的重要构成要件。本文以宝带苄嘧·异丙隆(草大帅)案、永农杀扑磷(融蚧)案和仙隆百草枯案等3起经省高级法院再审裁定或指定再审的裁判文书为例,对农药标签与农药产品警示缺陷的侵权责任进行探讨,提出了农药产品警示缺陷责任的认定、归责与损害赔偿的判断思路,对完善我国农药标签管理提出了建议,对解决农药纠纷也具有参考意义。     

饲喂吖啶橙对玉米螟赤眼蜂生物学的影响及标记效果

吖啶橙是一种可对昆虫进行标记的染料。本文通过饲喂,考察了吖啶橙对玉米螟赤眼蜂的寿命、产卵量及子代发育情况的影响。结果发现,饲喂吖啶橙延长了蜂的寿命,雌蜂寿命从对照的4.8d显著延长到饲喂低浓度吖啶橙的5.7d,而雄蜂的寿命以饲喂20mg/L吖啶橙的最长,为5.5d。饲喂5和10mg/L吖啶橙溶液的雌蜂6h内的产卵量分别为29.9和30.1粒,略低于对照的34.9粒,饲喂20mg/L的为35.1粒,但各处理与对照间产卵量无显著差异。饲喂吖啶橙对蜂的寄生率、子代羽化率及子代数量均有负面影响。饲喂10mg/L吖啶橙的蜂的寄生率为73.67%,显著低于对照87.83%;饲喂5mg/L吖啶橙的蜂的子代羽化率为96.46%,显著低于对照的99.50%。饲喂5和10mg/L吖啶橙的玉米螟赤眼蜂子代数量分别为(17.1±0.8)和(17.1±1.2)头,显著低于对照的(21.4±0.7)头,饲喂吖啶橙对子代雌性比无显著影响。饲喂吖啶橙24h后,在荧光显微镜下可以观察到吖啶橙的荧光,但由于蜂具有自发荧光,部分饲喂过吖啶橙的蜂不能完全区别于未饲喂的个体。综合考虑吖啶橙对玉米螟赤眼蜂寿命、产卵量和寄生能力的影响以及标记效果,应对吖啶橙进行修饰,或改变观察的理化条件,消除生物自发荧光的干扰,然后用于对赤眼蜂的标记。     

猪病毒性腹泻病金标银染可视化芯片技术实验条件优化研究及应用

基因芯片标准化是其特异灵敏检测病原的基本保障,本研究针对金标银染可视化基因芯片制备中点样缓冲液的使用、点样次数、杂交温度、杂交时间、胶体金浓度以及银染时间分别进行优化实验,分析其对金标银染可视化共检基因芯片杂交信号的影响.分别选取猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)的S和M基因,猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine virus,TGEV)的N和S基因,A型猪轮状病毒(Group A porcine rotavirus,GAR)的VP7和NSP4基因设计引物.根据目的基因片段设计5’端修饰有15个T碱基的60-mer寡核苷酸探针,分别以1∶1混合点样缓冲液和直接进行喷样两种方式,利用芯片点样仪喷样分别喷样1次、2次、3次于醛基玻片上制成基因芯片.应用不对称PCR对实验室构建保存的三种腹泻病毒的阳性质粒进行生物素掺入标记,分别在40、45、50和55℃与基因芯片杂交30、60、90和120 min.利用生物素-链霉亲和素的特异性链接,分别将稀释10、20、30、40、50及60倍的链霉亲和素修饰的纳米金颗粒引入反应体系,通过不同银离子染色时间后后,直接眼观实验结果.应用优化后的标准化可视化芯片和RT-PCR同时对173份临床送检病料进行检测,以评价芯片临床应用.结果表明,应用探针和点样缓冲液1∶1混合的方法进行1次喷样制作的基因芯片,在50℃环境中杂交90 min后,与4μg/mL链霉亲和素修饰的纳米金颗粒结合,再进行12～14 min银染,经过10次重复性实验,可确定为金标银染可视化基因芯片的最佳优化条件.临床病料可视化芯片检测结果与RT-PCR检测结果一致.本研究确定了病毒性腹泻可视化共检芯片的最佳反应条件,为该技术的临床应用标准化研究奠定了基础.