Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Law Enforcement Officers on Rabies and Animal Control Issues in Kansas

Rabies is a deadly zoonoses endemic in the United States, including Kansas. Animal control programmes that emphasize vaccination of dogs and cats, removal of stray animals and enforcement of licensure programmes have historically been essential in reducing the risk of rabies exposures to humans (Beran, 1991). Kansas does not mandate the use of animal control officers [ACOs] and in areas where there is no designated animal control officer, law enforcement officers [LEOs] are required to fill that role. Little is known about LEOs' knowledge of rabies, their current practices in responding to animal‐related calls or if they receive any specialized training to perform the duties of an ACO. A web‐based, voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to law enforcement officers in Kansas in January 2014. The survey included questions about animal control practices and a self‐assessment of rabies knowledge. The response rate was 16.2%. All respondents indicated LEOs will respond to animal‐related calls, even if there was an ACO available in their department or jurisdiction. A majority of respondents indicated they had not received training on safe animal handling (62.9%, 61/97) or zoonoses prevention (85.6%, 83/97), even though a strong majority considered such training important (89.7% and 79.4%, respectively). Most respondents (>80%) were able to correctly identify animals capable of transmitting rabies but were less aware of how rabies was transmitted or the severity of rabies in humans. Our results demonstrate that Kansas LEOs perform animal control duties, many without the proper training, even though most consider such training to be important to be able to perform their duties safely. Training on safe animal handling and zoonoses prevention should be provided to all LEOs in Kansas to enable them to safely execute their duties and provide timely and accurate information to citizens regarding rabies prevention.     

我国农村低碳消费方式实现的路径探析

低碳消费是低碳经济的应有之义,在低碳经济的发展中起着导向作用。农村的低碳消费是整个社会低碳消费的重要组成部分,具有巨大的发展潜力。本文阐述了我国农村消费高碳化的现状,深入剖析了其形成原因,从消费意识培养、低碳技术创新、消费结构优化、制度体系健全等四个方面提出了我国农村实现低碳消费的对策建议。     

Combining fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective monitoring tools in the management of marine recreational fisheries: A case study of the squid and cuttlefish fishery of the Ría of Vigo (NW Spain)

A new methodology based in the use of fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective tools to obtain information about marine recreational fisheries (MRF) is presented. The squid and cuttlefish fishery of the Ría of Vigo (NW Spain) was selected because it is managed in a data‐poor environment. In‐depth interviews (57) were conducted with fishers, collecting ecological and socio‐economic information. A cartography of fishing grounds based on their knowledge was obtained, while the intensity of effort and catches was mapped by the monitoring of two vessels with low‐cost GPS data loggers. The 102 shore anglers and 248 recreational boats catch 8 t/year of European squid Loligo vulgaris and 11 t/year of common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (11% of total catches on these species in the area). Shore anglers fish from 11 ports, while boat fishers use 14 fishing grounds (covering 30 km²). Most of the catches (86%) are landed by boats, and their CPUE is higher in the outer part of the Ría of Vigo. The use of fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective monitoring is encouraged to obtain information for the management of MRF. Given the economic contribution of MRF (260,000 €/year in direct expenses), this activity should be considered in the regulations.     

四川省县域经济差异时空演化特征分析

以四川省183个县域为基本单元,选取人均GDP指标,结合区域差异的统计方法和空间自相关方法研究了1998-2016年四川省县域经济差异的时空演变特征,结果表明:四川省县域经济绝对差异呈扩大趋势,相对差异呈波浪式减弱态势.低于四川省人均GDP平均水平的县域是县域经济数量结构的主体地位将长期保持.四川省县域经济发展水平和增长速度都表现出明显的空间差异性,经济发达的县域集聚在成都平原和安宁河谷平原的腹地,形成了中间高四周低的空间差异格局.     

农用地整理潜力评价方法分析

从具体案例分析入手,指出了农用地整理潜力评价中增加耕地系数单指标评价方法的不足;结合增加耕地面积这一农用地整理的主要目标,提出了增加耕地面积与增加耕地系数相结合的潜力评价方法,并运用此方法对案例进行了实证分析;在此基础上,提出了农用地整理潜力评价的方向.     

循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划理论探讨与案例分析

“石油农业”发展在大幅度提高产量和增加效益的同时,也带来了资源过度消耗和生态环境污染等一系列问题;随着循环经济理论的提出与发展,农业循环经济成为现代农业发展的重要形态和终极目标。为探讨循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划理论与实践,该文在简述循环经济理论形成与发展的基础上,归纳了以欧盟、美国、日本和菲律宾玛雅农场为代表的国外农业循环经济模式,阐述了循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划主要理论、思路方法和核心内容;以《双城市农业生态循环经济“十二五”发展规划》为例,分析了循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划实践。该研究可为现代农业规划与发展农业循环经济提供借鉴与参考     

退耕和禁牧影响下宁夏原州区畜牧经济的灰色关联分析

分析了原州区退耕和禁牧前后近10 a畜牧业的发展情况和农民收益及牧业收入情况。对比发现,畜牧业收入的增幅高于农民纯收入的增幅,原州区畜牧业在农业总产值中的比重不断上升,在促进农民增收和国民经济增长中的作用不断增强。应用灰色关联度分析的结果进一步表明,饲料、人工、资金、技术投入的增多,以及政策的扶持使该区畜牧经济影响因子的关联度出现了较大变动。     

我国各地区经济实力综合评价研究

介绍了主成分与聚类分析方法原理,以8项经济指标构建了综合反映各地区经济实力的评价体系,分析了经济指标间的关系和影响经济发展的主要因素,并对2006年我国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)的经济数据,利用多元统计中的主成分和聚类分析方法,对各地区综合经济实力进行了排序和分类.     

西南山地林下经济模式对土壤养分和土壤微生物数量的影响

为进一步加强农林牧业资源共享,推动生态农业的发展,在重庆市荣昌县6种不同的林下经济模式下,分别对土壤养分和微生物数量的变化及其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同的林下经济模式对土壤养分的影响各有差异,有机质和全钾在麻竹林下养禽模式中增加最多,全磷在桉树林下养禽模式中增加最多,全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量则在马尾松林下养畜模式中增加最多。从微生物总量来看,土壤中表现为桉树林下禽模式最多,其次为桉树林下种菌模式,最少的是麻竹林下种菌模式;腐殖层中最多的是麻竹林下养禽模式,最少的是桉树林下种菌模式。微生物数量与有机质、有效磷和碱解氮呈正相关关系。由于土壤养分和微生物数量的变化趋势不一致,因此在研究林下经济过程中应将二者结合起来。     

政府渔业补助政策与博弈

渔业补助政策是政府为弥补市场经济缺陷而采取的重要措施，本文应用博弈论对政府与渔民的互动博弈展开研究，并确立了混合策略模型下的政府和渔民各自最佳选择概率，达到纳什均衡，这对于解释当前政府渔业补助政策内涵与指导修订补助政策有参考意义。