Using webinars to extend the reach of soil learning in New South Wales: A first look

Increasingly knowledge is shared using new web‐based channels. The use of these channels is relatively new in the realm of soil science. However, they may prove to be very useful for connecting time‐poor, geographically dispersed audiences in an efficient and cost‐effective way. There has been limited study of this form of knowledge sharing for natural science (let alone soil science). In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, the NSW Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) has coordinated the Soil Network of Knowledge (SNoK) monthly webinar over 3 years, with over 40 webinars targeting an audience of next users of soil information. Aggregated data collected from these webinars indicated that the majority of information is used for professional development by participants. Whether this will eventually lead to on‐ground practice change because of the improved professional and technical knowledge of participants is still a moot point and will require further investigation over time. The information collected on attendance and participation showed that webinars are a good way to connect with some target audiences such as other government bodies that have a historical relationship with NSW DPI. However, other target audiences that NSW DPI has always found difficulty in engaging, such as private advisers, require more active overtures to drive participation. The growing subscriber base is encouraging.     

A social learning video method: Identifying and sharing successful transformation knowledge for sustainable soil management in Switzerland

To enhance sustainable land use, a From Farmer to Farmer project was conducted in Switzerland (2001–2010). A multi‐stakeholder discussion group co‐produced nine videos with experienced farmers and wine producers showing sustainable soil management practices. We analysed the video audio‐visual content and drew on reflections of the co‐production process, referring to concepts of system, target and transformation knowledge, as well as on social learning. The analysis showed a broad range of means (or actions) for sustainable soil management in arable land management, fodder production and wine growing that are aligned to transformation knowledge. The research showed that farmers refer to three phases of social learning, light‐bulb moments, coping with challenges and gaining successful expertise. These are not just linear processes of individuals. Four types of social learning were found in the video analysis: (a) learning from observing actions of others, (b) sharing experiences with storytelling, (c) informal social interactions and (d) being a role model with a large social network. Videos enable transformation knowledge to be shared with peers using storytelling; this powerful narrative communication style provides credibility and respects the ‘thought style’ of the target audience group. We conclude that for successful implementation of sustainable actions, it is important to address a specific target group and share their transformation knowledge built upon system and target knowledge. The social learning video method is a viable way to enable social learning between science, administration and practice and has potential for fostering change in sustainable soil management.     

高职高专院校图书馆知识管理实践探索

本文阐述了知识管理与高职高专图书馆知识管理的概念,分析了高职高专院校图书馆知识管理的特征与现状,提出了适合一套适合高职高专院校图书馆实际的知识管理实施策略。     

新形态的循环经济与循环经济学的研究

传统经济是由“资源－－产品－－污染排放”的物质单向流动的经济。即人们把地球上的物质和能量开采出来，经过生产、加工和消费过程，又把污染和废物大量地排放到环境中去，对资源的利用是粗放的、一次性的，导致了许多自然资源的短缺与枯竭，并酿成了灾难性的环境污染后果－－诸如水源、空气污染和垃圾堆放、沙尘暴等。与此不同，循环经济则是建立在物质不断循环利用，循环替代，循环净化基础上的经济发展模式，使经济活动按照自然生态系统的规律，组成一个“资源－－产品－－再生资源”的物质反复循环流动过程，使整个经济系统以及生产和消费的过程基本上不产生或者只产生很少的废物。循环经济学的特征是自然资源的低投入、高利用和废弃物的低排放，从而根本上消解长期以来环境与经济发展的尖锐冲突。     

论粮食生产中的土地规模经济及其利用

如果从平均成本降低的角度来讲，在我国农业土地经营过程中可能存在着３种规模经济：①经营者耕种的土地面积扩大所带来的规模经济；②零散土地改整所带来的规模经济；③直接生产过程之外的公共设施、市场集聚、产业关联、服务等规模变动产生的效益流入农业所带来的规模经济。前２种称为内部规模经济，后１种称为外部规模经济。以农户家庭为依托，进行土地制度的创新，建立合作组织，实行有偿分享是粮食生产中土地规模经济利用的主要途径。     

关于农业产业化经营的理论与政策问题

目前，农业产业化经营发展变化很快，出现了许多新情况、新问题，需要我们从理论上加深认识，在政策上作出调整。农业产业化经营要以市场为龙头。要充分发挥企业家在农业产业化经营中的骨干作用。要形成以市场为导向的农业产业化经营的利益机制。要运用不断创新的知识经济促进农业产业化经营上新台阶。要改革管理机构和体制，转变职能和工作方式，促进农业产业化经营的健康发展。     

对三农问题和农村城市化问题的若干思考

中国是一个农业大国，农业经济状况在很大程度上决定了整体经济的发展态势。对中国当前农业发展现状中的主要问题进行分析，认为只有积极进行城市化建设才能解决中国农业发展的根本问题，同时，就中国城市化的路径选择与城市化发展的中短期目标提出自己的看法。     

甘蔗收获机智能设计知识表达及知识库系统开发

针对甘蔗收获机领域知识匮乏、重用、共享性差的问题, 通过研究该领域知识的特点,综合利用与或树产生式规则、框架和面向对象的方法表达该领域中的模糊知识及创新性知识, 通过与数据库软件的有效集成,创建智能设计知识库系统,通过对知识库的管理实现知识的获取和维护。     

发展观赏竹种繁荣沿海经济

从观赏竹的外形特征、内涵意义以及在园林绿化、园林建筑上的应用等方面对其观赏、利用价值作了论述;对在沿海地区发展观赏竹林的必要性及有利的自然、经济条件作了具体分析;将沿海地区(以福建为例)的观赏竹分为4大类进行具体应用;对在沿海地发展观赏竹种,繁荣沿海经济提出建议。     

农业综合开发扶持农民合作经济组织的调查与思考

随着农业经济体制的深化改革,农民专业合作经济组织发展迅速,覆盖领域不断拓展,服务区域不断扩大。合作层次不断提升,合作机制不断规范,不仅较好地解决了村级组织“统不了”、单家独户“办不了”、政府部门“包不了”的问题．而且有效地促进了农业结构的调整、技术的进步、产品销售,提高了农民组织化程度和农业产业化水平。