科尔沁沙地灌溉与施肥对退化草地生产力的影响

在科尔沁沙地典型退化草地上开展了裂区组合设计的灌溉与施肥二因素试验。结果表明,科尔沁沙地退化草地土壤储水量受降水量的影响强烈。由于受到干旱气候和灌溉量的影响,灌水仅对地表0~30 cm的土壤含水量变化有作用,对深层土壤的含水量没有作用。灌溉和施肥对沙地退化草地的植物生物量有着明显的促进作用。灌溉处理中,灌溉90 mm试验区的植被生物量为最高(128.3 g/m2),施肥处理中,每hm2施600 kg氮肥试验区的植被生物量为最高(147.3 g/m2)。灌溉90,60,30 mm和对照试验区的植被耗水量分别为379.00,349.90,313.20和293.50 mm。与其相应的水分利用率分别为0.28,0.38,0.34和0.35 kg/(mm.hm2)。综合分析认为科尔沁沙地退化草地的基本耗水量为294 mm。     

布尔山羊和布奶杂一代山羊超数排卵试验

７号布奶杂一代山羊和１号布尔山羊,阴道放置海绵栓同时注射雌二醇２ｍｇ预处理７ｄ,随机分为２组,开始超排处理。第１组每日上午肌注用生理盐水溶解的ＦＳＨ,连续４ｄ,剂量分别为１５０,１００,５０,５０ＩＵ。第２组一次肌注用３００ｇ／ＬＰＶＰ溶解的ＦＳＨ２５０￣３００ＩＵ。两组均于处理后的第３天下午撤除阴道海绵栓,同时皮下注射１５－甲基ＰＧＦ２α０．６ｍｇ,第１组于第４天上午再次注射１５－甲基ＰＧＦ２α     

Calf health from birth to weaning. III. housing and management of calf pneumonia

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. A three part review series has been developed focusing on calf health from birth to weaning. In this paper, the last of the three part series, we review disease prevention and management with particular reference to pneumonia, focusing primarily on the pre-weaned calf. Pneumonia in recently weaned suckler calves is also considered, where the key risk factors are related to the time of weaning. Weaning of the suckler calf is often combined with additional stressors including a change in nutrition, environmental change, transport and painful husbandry procedures (castration, dehorning). The reduction of the cumulative effects of these multiple stressors around the time of weaning together with vaccination programmes (preconditioning) can reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality in the feedlot. In most studies, calves housed individually and calves housed outdoors with shelter, are associated with decreased risk of disease. Even though it poses greater management challenges, successful group housing of calves is possible. Special emphasis should be given to equal age groups and to keeping groups stable once they are formed. The management of pneumonia in calves is reliant on a sound understanding of aetiology, relevant risk factors, and of effective approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Early signs of pneumonia include increased respiratory rate and fever, followed by depression. The single most important factor determining the success of therapy in calves with pneumonia is early onset of treatment, and subsequent adequate duration of treatment. The efficacy and economical viability of vaccination against respiratory disease in calves remains unclear.     

绵羊胚胎移植生殖内分泌调控及其效果研究

初产供体母羊（14月龄）德国美利奴15只、波德代15只、无角陶赛特18只分别用孕酮(CIDR)+促性腺激素(PMSG)+促卵泡素(FSH)进行处理,受体小尾寒羊母羊（2胎）124只用CIDR+PMSG进行处理,处理期测定供、受体外周血液中生殖激素孕酮（p4）、雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体素（LH）的动态变化。结果显示：3个供体品种和受体各自发情同期化水平和效果达到非常理想的状态,但供、受体发情同步差相距1 d。黄体数德国美利奴（7.71）显著高于陶赛特（5.19）（P<0.05）;冲卵数德国美利奴（5.50）显著高于陶赛特（3.44）（P<0.05）;可用胚胎率德国美利奴、波德代、陶赛特分别为70.13%、55.74%、78.18%,陶赛特显著高于波德代（P<0.05）;德国美利奴、波德代、陶赛特胚胎移植受胎率分别为55.26%、54.17%、42.31%,德国美利奴显著高于陶赛特（P<0.05）。处理期供体和受体生殖激素动态变化的幅度大,第13天供、受体血清中p4达到峰值,小尾寒羊分别高于德国美利奴（5.37 ng/mL）、波德代（6.14 ng/mL）和陶赛特（5.37 ng/mL）;供体血清中E2于第14天开始发情达到峰值,小尾寒羊于第15天开始发情达到峰值;供体血清中FSH于第13天达到峰值,小尾寒羊第14天达到峰值;供体血清中LH于第14天开始发情达到峰值,小尾寒羊血清中LH于第15天开始发情达到峰值。     

Evaluation of Brix Refractometry for the Estimation of Colostrum Quality in Jennies

Donkey placenta does not allow the passage of immunoglobulins; thus, foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic and an adequate intake of high-quality colostrum in the first 24 hours of life is crucial for the surviving. The study aims to assess the relation between colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration evaluated by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test and the Brix refractometer in donkeys to establish a cutoff value for high quality of colostrum based on Brix refractometry. Colostrum was collected at foaling, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after foaling from the left and the right half of nine Amiata jennies. A total of 72 colostrum samples were analyzed. A Friedman test with a Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was used for assessing the differences between the left and right half at each sampling time. No differences were found between the left and right halves; the average value was used to analyze the effect of sampling time on the IgG concentrations and Brix values. The relationship between colostrum IgG concentrations (SRID test) versus Brix value and Brix value versus time was analyzed using two different mixed linear models. A strong statistically significant relation has been found between IgG concentrations and Brix values (R² = 0.84). The relation between IgG concentrations and Brix refractometer showed a cutoff point of 17% Brix score for the identification of high-quality colostrum. The Brix value (%) decreased continuously from 16.29 by 0.29 × hour. Jennies’ and donkey foals’ management may be greatly improved using this simple and cheap device.     

高职学校畜牧兽医专业实验室管理

为了加强高职院校实验室管理,通过制订和完善实验室管理制度,如实验室技术人员管理、仪器设备的采购和实验用药品的管理、对学生的管理、创新实验项目的实验室管理、实验室网络平台和实验室对外技术服务的管理、病原微生物的保存与处理、病死动物的无害化处理、实验室应急事件处理等措施,实现统筹规划和资源共享,培养学生的实验兴趣,使学生初步掌握畜牧兽医专业实验研究的基本方法和实验操作的基本技能,促进实验室的科学化、规范化、制度化的管理,以达到全面提升学生实践操作技能的目的。     

Syringomyelia: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Syringomyelia is a condition that results in fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord as a consequence of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This review discusses the history and the classification of the disorder, the current theories of pathogenesis, and the advanced imaging modalities used in the diagnosis. The intramedullary pulse pressure theory (a new pathophysiologic concept of syringomyelia) also is presented. In addition, the current understanding of the painful nature of this condition is discussed and the current trends in medical and surgical management are reviewed.     

基于JAVA的WebGIS森林资源信息管理方法探讨

比较WebGIS 5种实现方式的优劣,并给出基于Java技术的WebGIS框架,讨论了WebGIS在森林资源管理中的应用。     

不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响

为研究不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响,取1 a生小桐子幼苗为试验材料,设置19.80,19.80和39.60(交替灌溉),39.60 mm 3个水平的灌水处理;3个水平的施盐处理:每50 g风干土中NaCl分析纯为0,0.15,0.30 g,并监测小桐子的形态,根区Na⁺环境以及植物体Na⁺累积的情况.结果表明:小桐子有一定的耐盐性,受到每50 g风干土中含有0.30 g NaCl分析纯盐胁迫时,交替灌溉处理更有利于小桐子的生长;随着盐浓度的增大,小桐子根区土壤电导率增大的幅度逐渐减小,同时,盐浓度的增大使土层中Na⁺含量增大的幅度也逐渐减小,小桐子干样中各器官Na⁺含量从大到小依次为叶片、根部、茎;19.80 和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式比39.60 mm灌溉方式节水25%,但小桐子的生长并未受到影响,且各器官钠离子含量差异不具有统计学意义.本试验条件下,受到不同程度盐胁迫的小桐子,19.80和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式更有利于小桐子生长,提高其耐盐性.