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131.
Marinus G. Bos 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1997,11(2):119-137
This paper summarises the performance indicators currently used in the Research Program on Irrigation Performance (RPIP).Within this Program field data are measured and collected to quantify andtest about 40 multidisciplinary performance indicators. These indicatorscover water delivery, water use efficiency, maintenance, sustainability ofirrigation, environmental aspects, socio-economics and management. Theindicators now are sufficiently mature to be recommended for use inirrigation and drainage performance assessment. 相似文献
132.
133.
During the past two decades with farmer participation in irrigation management moving to center stage, the traditional view of having a centralized control over the water resources for better management has changed. Nevertheless, success of irrigation management transfer depend on a whole set of institutional arrangements or the rules-in-use and the willingness of the users to comply and enforce and/or change the rules in the light of changing circumstances. There are many institutional analyses of water sector, much of them touch on law, policy and administration, and characteristics of the users. The present paper is based on the study carried out to examine the institutional arrangements in one of the water users association that was first in the Maharashtra state. It focuses on the institutional arrangements governing water use and distribution and attempts to elicit the perceptions of the members regarding the rules-in-use. The findings reveal that the WUA has been successful in devising and enforcing the rules for water distribution, fee collection and conflict resolution for over a decade. However, current socio-economic developments such as political heterogeneity have required explicit conflict resolution mechanisms. These issues have now become issues demanding immediate attention and may be use of existing courts or legal institutions to help the WUA sustain in future. 相似文献
134.
针对农业灌溉中的水资源浪费问题和灌溉远程控制问题,对物联网相关技术进行研究,设计了基于物联网Android平台的农业远程智能节水灌溉系统,实现了对多传感器节点(空气温湿度、光照、土壤湿度、电磁阀、变频器等)远程采集和控制,以及对多个控制器节点的远程监测与控制。系统不受时间地域限制,用户可以通过Android移动终端实现对智能节水灌溉系统的监测和控制。系统采用CC2 5 3 0作为无线传感器芯片、OK6 4 1 0作为控制器节点芯片。实测结果验证了该设计的可行性和有效性,可为远程智能节水灌溉提供平台支持,能够满足农业节水灌溉的需要。 相似文献
135.
新疆盐碱地长期利用盐水灌溉土壤盐分变化 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
在地下水位3~5m、壤质土壤条件下,利用盐碱地时用2~5g/L盐化水灌溉,土壤1m剖面均为脱盐状况。灌溉盐化水15年后,1m土壤残留阴离子浓度较小,多点平均为3.709毫克当量/100克土。其中HCO-3相对较多,1m多点平均为0.404毫克当量/100克土。K++Na+浓度很大,1m多点平均为2.492毫克当量/100克土。这时,土壤1m全盐多点平均为0.248%,在灌溉水矿化度不直接危害作物生长时,不影响耕作和作物正常生长。由此可见,盐化水在盐碱地上无排灌溉,是可行的。 相似文献
136.
137.
为了达到节水、改土和增产的目的,通过研究灌溉方式对耗水量、灌溉定额、灌水次数和特种优质水稻生长发育及其产量的影响,水文年型和品种对耗水量的影响,优选出了特种优质水稻最适宜的田间水分控制模式。 相似文献
138.
根据雨水资源的现状。对我国温室雨水资源进行了分析。为了提高对雨水的利用。提出了利用温室雨水收集系统收集雨水用于温室灌溉.并对系统的经济性及应用前景作了分析。 相似文献
139.
Subsurface drip irrigation of onions: Effects of drip tape emitter spacing on yield and quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Enciso 《Agricultural Water Management》2007,92(3):126-130
Improved irrigation water use efficiency is an important component of sustainable agricultural production. Efficient water delivery systems such as subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) can contribute immensely towards improving crop water use efficiency and conserving water. However, critical management considerations such as choice of SDI tube, emitter spacing and installation depth are necessary to attain improved irrigation efficiencies and production benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of subsurface drip tape emitter spacing (15, 20 and 30 cm) on yield and quality of sweet onions grown at two locations in South Texas—Weslaco and Los Ebanos. Season-long cumulative crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was 513 mm in Weslaco and 407 mm at Los Ebanos. Total crop water input (rain + irrigation) at Weslaco was roughly equal to ETc (92% ETc) whereas at Los Ebanos, water inputs exceeded ETc by about 35%. Onion yields ranged from 58.5 to 70.3 t ha−1 but were not affected by drip tube emitter spacing. Onion pungency (pyruvic acid development) and soluble solids concentration were also not significantly influenced by treatments. Crop water use efficiency was slightly higher at Weslaco (13.7 kg/m3) than at Los Ebanos (11.7 kg/m3) partly because of differences in total water inputs resulting from differences in irrigation management. The absence of any significant effects of drip tape emitter spacing on onion yield may be due to the fact that irrigation was managed to provide roughly similar irrigation amounts and optimum soil moisture conditions in all treatments. 相似文献
140.
Nyland R. Falkenberg Giovanni Piccinni J. Tom Cothren Daniel I. Leskovar Charlie M. Rush 《Agricultural Water Management》2007
The applicability of commercially available remote sensing instrumentation was evaluated for site-specific management of abiotic and biotic stress on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown under a center pivot low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation system. This study was conducted in a field where three irrigation regimes (100%, 75%, and 50% ETc) were imposed on areas of Phymatotrichum (root rot) with the specific objectives to (1) examine commercial remote sensing instrumentation for locating areas showing biotic and abiotic stress symptomology in a cotton field, (2) compare data obtained from commercial aerial infrared photography to that collected by infrared transducers (IRTs) mounted on a center pivot, (3) evaluate canopy temperature changes between irrigation regimes and their relationship to lint yield with IRTs and/or IR photography, and (4) explore the use of deficit irrigation and the use of crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling. Pivot-mounted IRTs and an IR camera were able to differentiate water stress among irrigation regimes. The IR camera distinguished between biotic (root rot) and abiotic (drought) stress with the assistance of groundtruthing. The 50% ETc regime had significantly higher canopy temperatures than the other two regimes, which was reflected in significantly lower lint yields when compared to the 75% and 100% ETc regimes. Deficit irrigation down to 75% ETc had no impact on lint yield, indicating that water savings were possible without reducing yield. 相似文献