黄瓜新品种京研春秋绿2 号的选育

京研春秋绿2 号是以10-c66 为母本、10-c11-29 为父本配制而成的春、秋保护地和露地兼用的黄瓜一代杂种。瓜条棒状,长35～36 cm,瓜色亮绿,有光泽,白刺,刺瘤中等大小,棱浅,果肉绿色,风味佳、品质优。抗枯萎病,中抗霜霉病,耐白粉病。北方地区春保护地栽培产量为5 000～6 500 kg·（667 m²）^-1,秋保护地栽培产量4 000～5 000 kg·（667 m²）^-1,适宜华北、东北、西北春、秋保护地和露地栽培。     

油页岩有机碳矿化特征及在栽培基质中应用可行性分析

探讨油页岩有机碳矿化分解过程、有机碳组分变化特征以及环境因素作用规律可为评价油页岩在栽培基质中应用的可行性提供科学依据.试验在室内控制温度和水分条件下,分析了洗盐和未洗盐油页岩有机碳矿化动态变化特征.结果表明:油页岩基质在60 d培养期间,温度升高10℃使未洗盐基质总矿化量分别增加2%～28%(100%田间持水量)、2%～22%(80%田间持水量)和1%～15%(60%田间持水量);洗盐基质则分别增加2%～17%(100%田间持水量)、1%～5%(80%田间持水量)和7%～14%(60%田间持水量).将第60 d基质中活性有机碳含量进行回归分析,发现两种不同供试油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分之间均呈正相关关系;未洗盐油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分间相关性不显著,而洗盐后油页岩活性有机碳含量与温度和水分之间相关性显著(P=0.0214).用一级动力学方程拟合油页岩基质有机碳矿化动态得到未洗盐基质分解速率常数最大达1.2×10-3/d,洗盐基质其分解速率常数介于0.5×10-3～0.7×10-3/d.油页岩在长达60 d的培养过程中表现为有机碳持续分解、活性有机碳递增,证实其在基质栽培中的应用将对养分持续供给和维护作物根系生理活性发挥重要作用.     

石羊河流域玉米棉铃虫发生气象条件分析预测

为深入了解石羊河流域玉米田棉铃虫的发生规律和准确预测其危害特征,以石羊河流域1999～2007年玉米田棉铃虫和气象资料为基础,运用膨化相关、SPSS统计软件进行逐步回归、方差分析,分析、模拟了气象因子与卵始见期、卵高峰持续期、高峰期百穗卵量关系和预测模型,模型回代检验效果较好.结果表明:棉铃虫累计百株卵量增长动态符合典型的"S"生长曲线,Nt=206.8536/1+e3.8130-0.3703t,呈缓慢增长-快速增长-减速增长.棉铃虫卵始见期与光热因子呈负相关,与风、水分因子呈正相关;高峰期百穗卵量与此恰恰相反.热量多、气温高使棉铃虫的繁殖力和生存力提高,棉铃虫卵出现早、年发生程度重.棉铃虫卵期、蛹期相对干旱利于卵的羽化,使卵出现早、卵量增加.     

Urban tree growth and their dependency on infiltration rates in structural soil and structural cells

Expanding tree canopies can be difficult to achieve in built environments because urban land is costly and urban soil inhospitable to vegetation so engineered planting systems offer a potentially valuable tool for achieving sustainable urban forests. Tree water uptake, performance and root distribution were assessed in systems of structural soil and structural cell. Structural soil relies on stone and soil, it is highly porous and designed to support tree root growth and possess pavement strength. The structural cell is made up of rigid structural units with 90% void space which is to be filled with soil. To evaluate tree performance under the conditions of fill and drain regimes in structural soil and structural cell, these two systems were subjected to three simulated infiltration rates. This study was conducted in April 2015 to April 2016 in the tropical equatorial environment of South East Asia. Infiltration rate affected both biomass accumulation and rooting depth. Species and substrate effect was significant for biomass and rooting characteristics but less prominent for transpiration. Biomass was greater for trees in structural cells, and Pouteria obovata was particularly sensitive to prolonged inundation. Rooting depth was always higher in the rapid infiltration indicating the negative effects inundation had on this parameter. Root system in the structural cell was deeper while those in the structural soil were wider. Samanea saman had better adapted to the drain and fill regimes, and this was despite Pouteria obovata being a coastal species and was expected to be flood tolerant. Species and substrate effect was weak (R² ranging from 0.20 to 0.28) but moderate drainage consistently led to higher transpiration. We conclude that structural soil and structural cell are potential solutions and provide a tool to overcome suboptimal urban growing conditions. The application of these solutions will allow for seamless integration of greenery with urban infrastructure.     

MacCormack算法在长输管道瞬变流动仿真中的应用

为了提高长输管道仿真精度和速率,基于MacCormack格式基本原理和流动方程建立了长输液体管道水力瞬变流动仿真模型。以某管道为例,分别采用该仿真算法和特征线法模拟了阀门关闭和流量增加引起的瞬变流动,并探讨了MacCormack格式中不同边界条件处理方法及Courant常数值对模拟结果的影响。结果表明:MacCormack格式可用于精确仿真长输管道瞬变流动过程,采用特征线法求解预估层边界参数后,其振荡幅度、收敛速度均优于特征线仿真方法;同时,采用特征线法处理MacCormack格式边界条件较线性外插法更易收敛。研究成果可为长输管道瞬变流动仿真提供参考。(图8,表2,参22)     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰荼尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1038.60 mg/L,50％大蒜精油100～250倍液对灰荼尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1～2龄幼虫发生期喷施100～250倍液大蒜精油.这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低...     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

稻渔综合种养的科学范式

探讨不同养殖模式下金背鲤 (Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei) 肠道菌群和鱼肉风味品质差异,对金背鲤的繁殖优化具有重要意义。采用高通量测序技术对稻田放养和池塘养殖模式下金背鲤的肠道微生物进行测序,利用液相色谱和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用 (HS-SPME-GC-IMS) 技术测定其滋味物质、挥发性风味化合物,结合感觉阈值计算滋味活性值和相对气味活度值。结果显示：两种养殖模式的金背鲤肠道细菌群落结构差异显著,稻田放养 (FGF) 组以弧菌 (Vibrio)、拟杆菌 (Bacteroides)、交替单胞菌 (Alteromonadales)、希瓦氏菌 (Shewanella)、嗜冷假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas psychrophile) 和Brevinema属为主,池塘养殖 (FGP) 组以莫拉克斯氏菌 (Moraxella) 和克雷伯菌属 (Klebsiella) 为主;FGF组中鲜味肌苷酸含量及其滋味活性值 (1.676 g·kg⁻¹, 6.705) 远高于FGP组 (0.246 g·kg⁻¹, 0.985),FGF组鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量 (0.143和2.052 g·kg⁻¹) 高于FGP组 (0.109和2.001 g·kg⁻¹),而其苦味氨基酸 (3.193 g·kg⁻¹) 却低于FGP组 (3.836 g·kg⁻¹);金背鲤的挥发性化合物组分复杂,其关键气味化合物 (ROAV≥1) 和对整体风味有修饰作用的化合物 (0.1≤ROAV<1) 的种类存在差异。菌属与风味物质的相关性分析显示弧菌属、拟杆菌属、克雷伯菌属和摩根菌属 (Morganella) 与风味物质呈显著相关 (0.01≤P<0.05 & 0.001≤P<0.01 & P<0.001)。研究表明,养殖模式影响了金背鲤的肠道微生物,并间接影响了其风味品质。     

滇西泥石流综合防治工程调查

调查了滇西泥石流综合防治工程的现状,指出了滇西泥石流综合防治工程中存在的主要问题.在此基础上,具针对性地提出今后滇西泥石流综合防治工程应引起足够重视和有待加强的工作环节.