长丰鲢各部位主要营养成分分析及比较

长丰鲢是人工培育出的鲢鱼新品种。为充分了解长丰鲢的营养特性,更好地利用长丰鲢资源,对北方地区养殖的长丰鲢各部位主要营养成分进行分析,用气相色谱法(GC)测定其不同部位的脂肪酸种类和含量,并将其肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸组成与普通白鲢进行对比。结果表明:长丰鲢各部位间的营养成分存在差异,其中肌肉中的粗脂肪和粗蛋白质量分数较高,分别为3.00%和16.21%;鳍中灰分的质量分数为23.64%,是肌肉中的20倍;内脏中水分和脂肪的质量分数最高,分别为75.68%和7.41%。长丰鲢各部位的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,鱼肉不饱和脂肪酸中C18∶1n9的质量分数最高,为21.20%。肌肉中ΣEPA+DHA的质量分数为8.48%,鱼头中为7.49%,高于其他部位。与普通白鲢相比,长丰鲢肌肉中的α-亚麻酸的含量高于白鲢,但ΣEPA+DHA低于白鲢,主要营养成分差别不大。     

非衍生化-气相色谱串级质谱（GC-MS-MS）法测定豆粉中的三聚氰胺

利用离子阱气相色谱质谱联用仪,建立了非衍生化处理-气相色谱串级质谱直接分析三聚氰胺的检测方法.利用三聚氰胺二级质谱进行定性,以二级质谱的特征离子峰m/z=85进行定量,分析效率大大提高.方法的线性范围为0.5～10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.998 7,最小检测限为0.20 mg/kg,方法的精密度为5.9%,方法的回收率为82%～96%,满足现有三聚氰胺的检测,建立的方法可以直接应用于该类产品中三聚氰胺的检测.     

土壤中可溶性有机氮含量及其影响因素研究

研究了农田和日光温室2个生态系统土壤中可溶性有机氮(SON)的含量及施肥和栽培模式对其含量的影响。结果表明,农田和日光温室土壤中SON的含量平均分别为39.19 mg kg-1和320.16 mg kg-1,分别占可溶性总氮(TSN)的80%和73%,说明SON是土壤氮素中不可忽视的氮素组分。不同栽培模式对土壤中SON的含量及其占TSN的比例的影响因生育时期的不同而异。覆草显著增加了小麦拔节期0~5 cm土层土壤中SON的含量,覆膜各土层SON含量均较常规模式有所提高;开花期覆草和覆膜模式土壤中TSN和SON含量较拔节期的显著下降。施用无机氮肥对土壤中SON的含量无显著影响。     

大豆蛋白胶胶膜粘结乒乓球拍底板的条件探讨

为了更方便地粘结制作乒乓球拍底板,提出用大豆蛋白胶胶膜代替液体胶概念,并通过单因素和响应面设计法从胶膜厚度、胶膜含水率、乒乓球拍底板含水率等方面对胶膜粘结木板的条件进行探讨。最佳条件为胶膜厚度0.15 mm、胶膜含水率11%、乒乓球底板含水率10%,在此条件下制作胶合板,测得胶膜的胶合强度为1.483 02 MPa。     

新疆阿克苏地区棉花膜下滴灌技术探讨

探讨了新疆阿克苏地区棉花膜下滴灌技术,分别从田间布置、播种技术,滴水技术,施肥技术四方面提出技术指导。     

典型乌龙茶产区氮素平衡状况及减排潜力研究

为探讨典型乌龙茶产区氮素平衡状况及温室气体减排潜力,基于2015-2017年在福建省安溪县和武夷山市茶园开展的355户农户调研数据和207个土壤数据,采用Boundary line方法,分析了典型乌龙茶产区的氮肥施用特征、氮素平衡状况以及温室气体减排潜力。结果表明：安溪县茶园平均氮肥投入量509.4 kg·hm^-2,主要来源于复合肥和尿素,全年氮盈余量479.1 kg·hm^-2;武夷山市茶园平均氮肥投入量218.1 kg·hm^-2,主要来源于复合肥,全年氮盈余量189.8 kg·hm^-2;氮素投入与氮养分盈余量之间具有极显著的正相关关系;随着氮素盈余量的增加,土壤全氮含量也随之增加,并且安溪茶园的土壤全氮含量比武夷山茶园更高;基于Boundary line方法,安溪县和武夷山市茶园的氮肥优化用量分别为411.3 kg·hm^-2和157.7 kg·hm^-2;通过优化氮肥投入和管理水平可分别实现安溪县和武夷山市茶园温室气体减排62.0%和68.0%。在安溪县和武夷山市乌龙茶产区中,氮肥施用严重过量,导致氮素盈余量和温室气体排放量较高,应通过优化氮肥用量达到减少氮素过量盈余和降低茶园温室气体排放的目的。     

基于水量平衡的膜孔沟灌水流推进模型研究

【目的】研究建立膜孔沟灌水流推进模型,通过分析膜孔沟灌水流推进过程,准确、方便确定膜孔沟灌灌水技术要素、田间平均入渗率和糙率。【方法】通过引入地表储水形状系数、下渗水形状系数和膜孔沟灌入渗方程,建立基于水量平衡的膜孔沟灌水流推进模型,并通过田间试验对模型进行检验。【结果】模型检验表明,试验实测数据与模型计算值吻合较好;对田间膜孔沟灌试验验证模型计算误差绝对值均值的分析可知,试验中各灌水沟除个别组误差绝对值均值大于5%外,其余均在5%以下;多组灌水沟的误差绝对值均值小于4%,可以满足膜孔沟灌灌水技术指标确定的需要。【结论】所建模型具有较为严谨的物理基础,计算求解方便、精度较高,具有较强实用性。     

红蓼种子中杀黏虫活性成分的初步分析

［目的］ 对红蓼种子乙酸乙酯萃取物中具有潜在杀虫活性的化合物进行初步分析,为指导开发利用杀虫植物资源提供依据。［方法］ 采用硅胶柱层析和气相色谱 质谱(GC MS)联用法,以5龄黏虫为试虫;对红蓼种子萃取物的有效杀虫活性成分进行分析,应用色谱峰面积归一法测定各组分的相对百分含量。［结果］ 极性（甲醇）组分共分离出37个色谱峰,鉴定了其中的35个组分,占总含量的94.46%。弱极性（二氯甲烷）组分共分离出39个色谱峰,鉴定出39个组分。［结论］ 从成分的化学结构推断,红蓼种子的杀虫活性可能存在于14种成分中,主要成分为酮、醇、开环萜和五环三萜烷类化合物。     

离子溅射银对光电协同灭青霉菌的影响

为解决果蔬采后易受微生物作用而腐败变质的问题,该文进行了纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化技术灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的研究:以活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)为载体,以粉末浸渍-提拉法制备TiO_2-ACF薄膜,采用离子溅射法在ACF薄膜上作贵重金属银沉积处理,研究表面溅射与底层溅射纳米Ag粒子及施以外加电压处理对TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化灭活青霉菌的影响及机理。结果显示,不同的溅射方式对试验结果有不同的影响,其中底层溅射效果较好,120 s时光催化灭活青霉菌速率最高;外加电压可提高TiO_2-ACF薄膜光催化速率,75 V是最优值,且光电催化作用效果优于单独光催化和电催化的总和。对负载的ACF薄膜表征分析,发现离子溅射较均匀地实现了纳米Ag-TiO_2混合粒子在ACF薄膜的表面及内部负载。研究结果为纳米TiO_2光催化技术在灭活园艺产品冷藏环境中青霉菌的实际应用提供参考。     

Using the soil gas radon as an indicator for ground contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids

1 The Problem  One of the major problems facing risk assessment at polluted industrial sites and military bases is subsurface contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids (NAPLs), since tracing the extent of a NAPL plume using conventional methods (drive point profiling) is usually associated with difficulties. In an effort to trace subsurface contamination as precisely as possible, monitoring points are placed in the area that might be affected by contaminants, and groundwater and soil samples are taken to the laboratory for analysis. However, the final number of monitoring points is hardly ever sufficient for distinctive contamination mapping, and this may ultimately result in an unsuitable remediation action being taken. 2 Objectives  To obtain a more detailed image of a subsurface NAPL plume and, hence, to facilitate remediation measures that are best suited for the site in question, a denser network of monitoring points is desirable. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was therefore to develop a new detection method for subsurface NAPL contamination, which is based on an easily accessibleindicator for NAPLs rather than on the analysis of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. Based on the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, the idea was put forward that subsurface NAPL contamination should have an influence on the natural radon concentration of the soil gas. Provided this effect is significant, it would be possible to carry out a straightforward radon survey on an appropriate sampling grid covering the suspected site and thus enabling the NAPL contamination to be detected by the localization of anomalous low radon concentrations in the soil. The overall aim of the investigation was to assess the general suitability of the soil-gas radon concentration as an indirect tracer for NAPL contamination in the ground. 3 Methods  The partitioning coefficient K_NAPL/air is one of the most influential parameters governing the decrease of the radon concentration in the soil gas in the presence of a subsurface NAPL contamination. Since NAPL mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel and paraffin are among the most important NAPLs regarding remediation activities, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the radon-partitioning coefficient for these three NAPL mixtures. Field experiments were carried out as well. The aim of the field experiments was to test the use of the soil-gas radon concentration as a tracer for NAPL contamination on-site. For the field experiments, each site was covered with a suitable grid of soil gas sampling points. Finally, the lateral radon distribution pattern achieved on each of the sites was compared to the respective findings of the earlier research performed by conventional means. 4 Results and Discussion  The results of the laboratory experiments clearly show a very strong affinity of radon to the NAPL mixtures examined. The partitioning coefficients achieved correspond to those published for pure NAPLs (Clever 1979) and are thus in the expected range. The results of the field experiments showed that the minimum radon concentrations detected match the respective NAPL plumes traced previously. 5 Conclusions  Both the results of the lab experiments and the on-site findings demonstrate that the soil-gas radon concentration can be used as an indicator for subsurface NAPL contamination. The investigation showed that NAPL-contaminated soil volumes give rise to anomalous low soil-gas radon concentrations in the close vicinity of the contamination. The reason for this decrease in the soil-gas radon concentration is the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, which enables the NAPLs to accumulate and ‘trap’ part of the radon available in the soil pores. 6 Recommendations and Outlook  Further research is required into contamination with rather volatile NAPLs such as BTEX. Further research is also needed to examine whether it is possible to not only localize a NAPL plume, but also to obtain some quantitative information about the subsurface NAPL contamination. The authors also believe that additional investigations should be carried out to study the ability of the method to not just localize a NAPL contamination, but also to monitor on-site, clean-up measures.