基于改进支持向量机的水电机组多类轴心轨迹智能识别

在水电机组故障诊断系统中,轴心轨迹是判断机组状态的一个重要特征。而水电机组实际运行中轴心轨迹故障样本数量较少,依据其进行故障智能诊断无法准确完成,需结合相应频谱特性才可做出诊断。论文针对此问题,采用改进的支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）多故障分类算法,建立了多故障轴心轨迹分类器,并应用于水电机组的故障诊断。结果表明,改进的SVM在样本数较少时取得较好的分类效果,样本数为16和50时,分类准确率达到了96.3%和91.2%,;并且在分类数增多时,分类准确率得到提高,而样本数增多时,分类准确率骤减。该故障分类器可实现多故障的识别和诊断,并且具有算法简单和对多故障轴心轨迹图形分类能力强的优点。该研究可为水电机组少样本轴心轨迹故障的智能诊断提供参考。     

干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验初探

针对干旱区平原水库面积大、水深浅,无效蒸发损失严重这一特点,提出用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板覆盖部分库区水面以减少无效蒸发损失量,从而提高水库的有效利用率.以尉犁县塔里木二库为试验对象现场试验,初步探讨干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水的工程措施.     

阿坝州双江口水电站工程移民安置中退耕还林地的利用

以四川省阿坝州双江口水电站为例,结合当地的土地资源现状,提出了以退耕还林地安置移民的思路。在分析了当地退耕还林地的现状,并充分研究了退耕还林地利用方面的相关政策的基础上,对退耕还林地的开发利用方式进行了探讨,为促进移民增收探索新途径。     

Use of geographical information systems as a tool for predicting fish yield in tropical reservoirs: case study on Sri Lankan reservoirs

Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in inland fisheries has hitherto been essentially restricted to site evaluation for aquaculture development and assessment of limnological changes in time and space in individual water bodies. The present GIS study was conducted on the land-use pattern of the catchments of nine reservoirs in Sri Lanka, for which detailed fishery data, viz. yield, fishing intensity, landing size of major constituent species, together with selected limnological data such as conductivity and chlorophyll- a , were available. Potential statistical relationships (linear, curvilinear, exponential and second-order polynomial) of fish yield ( FY , in kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to different land-use patterns, such as forest cover ( FC , in km²) and shrub-land ( SL , in km²), either singly, or in combination, and/or the ratio of each land type to reservoir area ( RA in km²) and reservoir capacity ( RC in km³), were explored. Highly significant relationships were evident between FY to the ratio of SL and/or FC + SL to RA and/or RC . Similarly, the above land-use types to RA and RC ratios were significantly related to limnological features of the reservoirs. The relationships of FY to various parameters obtained in this study were much better correlated than those relationships of FY to limnological and biological parameters used in yield prediction in tropical and temperate lacustrine waters previously.     

抽水蓄能机组低水头起动过渡过程压力脉动分析

抽蓄机组在低水头起动时易进入其全特性曲线的反S不稳定区,从而导致机组并网失败,严重影响机组的安全稳定运行。其中机组内部复杂流动演变导致的剧烈压力脉动是影响机组动态特性的关键。该研究基于计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）数值模拟方法对水泵水轮机低水头起动过程进行研究,重点分析了导叶与尾水管区域的压力脉动特性及产生原因。研究结果表明：机组起动过程中,无叶区时均压力幅值是固定导叶与活动导叶间的6倍,且时均压力幅值在无叶区沿周向分布不均。动静干涉主导了无叶区时均压力和脉动压力的变化,而在上游固定导叶与活动导叶间的动静干涉作用主要影响的是压力脉动幅值。尾水管直锥段压力脉动在机组起动过程不同阶段表现出不同的波动特征,PID（proportion integration differentiation）调节阶段压力波动较为明显。通过内部流动对比发现,活动导叶开启会引起无叶区水流速度的分布变化和波动,活动导叶小开度下转轮进口和无叶区存在明显的大尺度旋涡,这些和动静干涉联合作用是导致无叶区时均压力和脉动压力波动幅值高的原因。尾水管涡带在起动过程经历了从边条状涡带转为螺旋状涡带,之后又转变为幕布状涡带的过程。涡带的持续存在和动态变化不仅诱导了压力径向分布不均,也是导致压力波动剧烈的主要原因。研究成果可为提高抽蓄电站机组低水头起动并网成功率提供参考。     

梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究

为了真实地体现梯级水电站的补偿效益，从分析影响梯级水电站补偿效益分摊的主要因素入手，提出了几种单因子分摊方法、综合分析法以及模糊综合评判法，建立了分摊数学模型，以汉江支流岚河梯级补偿效益分摊为例，将不同方法计算结果进行对比，提出了不同条件下梯级水电站补偿效益的合理分摊方法。     

武汉市湖库湿地在生态文明建设中的作用与保护对策

生态文明建设的提出是人类朝着人与自然和谐迈进的重大决策,而湖库湿地则是生态文明建设中不可或缺的一环.以武汉市湖库湿地作为切八点,重点分析了湿地与生态文明建设的相互关系,并以生态文明建设为契机,对如何加强湿地保护,更好地建设生态文明提出了相关的建议.     

Influence of river conditions during seaward migration and ocean conditions on survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead

Petrosky CE, Schaller HA. Influence of river conditions during seaward migration and ocean conditions on survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 520–536. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Improved understanding of the relative influence of ocean and freshwater factors on survival of at‐risk anadromous fish populations is critical to success of conservation and recovery efforts. Abundance and smolt to adult survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead decreased dramatically coincident with construction of hydropower dams in the 1970s. However, separating the influence of ocean and freshwater conditions is difficult because of possible confounding factors. We used long time‐series of smolt to adult survival rates for Chinook salmon and steelhead to estimate first year ocean survival rates. We constructed multiple regression models that explained the survival rate patterns using environmental indices for ocean conditions and in‐river conditions experienced during seaward migration. Survival rates during the smolt to adult and first year ocean life stages for both species were associated with both ocean and river conditions. Best‐fit, simplest models indicate that lower survival rates for Chinook salmon are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity during the smolt migration or multiple passages through powerhouses at dams. Similarly, lower survival rates for steelhead are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity and warmer river temperatures. Given projections for warming ocean conditions, a precautionary management approach should focus on improving in‐river migration conditions by increasing water velocity, relying on increased spill, or other actions that reduce delay of smolts through the river corridor during their seaward migration.     

水利水电工程造价管理中存在的问题及其对策

对我国水利水电工程造价亟待解决的问题进行分析,并提出解决途径。     

紫坪铺水利枢纽引水系统取消厂前伸缩节研究

结合紫坪铺水利枢纽工程的实际情况，采用三维有限元方法对该工程发电引水系统取消伸缩节的可行性进行了研究。计算结果表明，主厂房上游永久分缝处以一段垫层管代替常规伸缩节，结构位移和应力完全可以满足使用要求，从而达到了取消伸缩节、节省工程投资的目的。