京西山地棕壤和淋溶褐土饱和导水率的分析

导水率Ｋ（ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ）是表示孔隙介质透水性能的综合比例系数,即单位水力势梯度下水的通量密度或渗透流速。Ｋ值是土壤颗粒大小分布、固体物质的化学组成和土壤紧实度的函数。因此,对于不同的土壤或同一土壤的不同层次Ｋ值亦可能有差...     

比例溢流阀在拉力轴承试验液压加载系统中的应用

比较了3种液压加载系统调节方式的原理和特点,介绍了该拉力轴承寿命试验装置中采用电比例溢流阀调节方式的组成及工作原理,重点分析了其在恒力加载状态经过闭环控制的工作特性.试验表明,此加载方式调节方便,加载载荷准确,系统性能稳定可靠,应用效果良好.     

Water relations of Eucalyptus nitens × Eucalyptus grandis: is there interclonal variation in response to experimentally imposed water stress?

This study tested the hypothesis that water stress increases the hydraulic efficiency of Eucalyptus nitens × E. grandis saplings as a result of osmotic and elastic adjustments. Eucalyptus nitens × E. grandis clones (NH00, NH58, NH69 and NH70) were potted in coarse river sand supplemented with a slow-release fertiliser, drip-irrigated four times daily and exposed to full sunlight for eight months. Thereafter, irrigation was withheld twice for seven consecutive days from half of the saplings of each clone, with a seven-day recovery period (regular irrigation) in-between. Relative soil moisture content did not correlate with stomatal conductance (g_s) at pre-dawn and at midday. Leaves of plants subjected to the water-stress treatment wilted in 7 d, and the reduction in g_s was significant at midday with no significant differences between clones. Stomatal conductance and all traits derived from pressure-volume graphs (e.g. osmotic potential at full turgor) were constant in the control treatment. There were no clear patterns in osmotic and elastic adjustments in both treatments. Root hydraulic conductance was constant between treatments and clones. However, water stress reduced shoot hydraulic conductance and stem hydraulic conductivity with significant interclonal effects. Plant biomass, leaf area and leaf weight ratio were significantly lower in the water-stressed plants, but there were no differences between the clones. In conclusion, the water-stress treatment did not introduce significant differences in stomatal conductance and tissue-water relations of Eucalyptus nitens × E. grandis clones. Interclonal variation in water-stress response was found in shoot hydraulic traits, and clone NH58 may be more suitable for planting across sites prone to moderate water stress.     

交通运输对六安市经济发展的影响研究

指出了交通运输沟通生产和消费,是社会经济发展的先决动力。从六安市铁路交通和经济发展现状的视角,利用六安市近年来的统计数据,对六安交通运输对其经济发展的影响进行了研究。结果表明：交通运输虽然为六安市区域经济发展提供了条件,但六安市经济发展目前仍依赖传统发展模式,农业比重偏高,区域产业结构仍需进一步优化。因此,结合交通运输条件的联接性,从产业发展、产业布局和城镇发展三个方面对六安市区域经济的发展提出了具体策略。     

库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系

为减少库尔勒香梨贮运过程中品质下降带来的损失,提高产品竞争能力,运用危害分析与关键控制(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)体系的原则和步骤,开展库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系建立工作。结果表明:确定验收、包装和低温贮藏为库尔勒香梨贮运HACCP体系的关键控制点,并制定关键限值、监测方法、纠偏措施、记录要求和验证程序。库尔勒香梨采后贮运HACCP体系的实施能够将香梨采后贮运过程中的潜在危害降至最低,确保贮运过程中香梨果实的食用安全和优良品质。     

Low soil temperature reducing the yield of drip irrigated rice in arid area by influencing anther development and pollination

Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.     

利用盘式吸渗仪确定土壤水力学参数研究进展

各种农业措施显著影响土壤的物理性质,特别是土壤水力学参数。随着计算机模型广泛用于土壤物质迁移的预测预报,准确确定土壤水力学参数成为一项重要的研究任务。盘式吸渗仪作为一种简便实用的仪器正被广泛用于田间土壤水力学参数的测定。国内外学者研究了稳态、瞬态和反推等方法,利用盘式吸渗仪来确定土壤近饱和导水率、吸渗率和水分特征曲线。同时该仪器可以用于田间测定土壤孔隙分布状况,以及两区模型中的参数。笔者对国内外有关盘式吸渗仪研究从相关理论和应用方面进展进行了综述,并对田间测定操作中注意的问题进行评述,指导田间试验以获得准确的测定数据。盘式吸渗仪在田间测定土壤孔隙,特别是大孔隙流方面有独特的优点,但是其并未在中国不同质地土壤上得以广泛应用。     

小型甘蔗收获机切梢装置液压系统的设计及试验

针对蔗梢在榨糖过程中会降低甘蔗的出糖率,以及蔗梢部分进入甘蔗收割机物流系统不利于物流系统的正常运转、堵塞物流通道等问题,在原有物理样机上加装切梢装置。通过对切梢装置运动要求的分析,设计了切梢装置的液压传动系统,并用AMESim软件对系统进行了建模仿真分析;同时,试验分析了切梢装置马达的动态特性,并得到马达在不同状态下的动态特性变化,验证了方案的可行性;最后,通过田间试验测试了切梢装置液压系统流量及压力的变化,并获得了其在田间实际工作时消耗的功率。     

全液压山地手扶式苜蓿刈割压扁机设计与试验

为适应我国山坡、丘陵地带苜蓿收获特殊需求,提高苜蓿收获机械作业操作灵活性和安全性,提出了一款山地手扶式苜蓿刈割压扁机。该机采用全液压驱动,整机液压系统由行走驱动回路、工作装置升降控制回路及工作装置驱动回路3部分组成,可实现自走、工作装置升降和刈割压扁作业;工作装置升降机构采用平行四连杆机构,以保证工作装置升降过程中割刀刀盘倾角不变。同时,进行了样机试制与田间性能试验,试验表明:整机能够有效地实现苜蓿的刈割、压扁作业,爬坡度可达30%,行驶速度可达5km/h,能够实现单边制动转向及原地转向等功能,满足山坡、丘陵地带苜蓿收获的需求。     

矩形薄壁侧堰水力特性试验研究

侧堰作为一种量水设施,精度较高、结构简单、安装和拆卸方便,较易在灌区应用和推广,有很大的研究价值。对不同宽度和高度的矩形侧堰在缓流条件下进行了试验,分析了各工况下矩形渠道侧堰上、下游水面线、能量分布、流量系数等水力因素。结果表明,主渠道侧堰段能量基本保持不变,符合De Marchi的恒定能量假定;主渠道靠近侧堰边壁、中心线以及另一边壁三处的水面波动程度不同,说明侧堰对堰前水流产生影响;基于De Marchi假定和无量纲分析原理得到的流量公式最大相对误差均在±10%以内,满足灌区量水精度要求。