功能性复合营养舔砖对育肥期肉牛生产性能的影响

本试验的目的在于研究育肥期肉牛补饲添加有枸杞多糖、复合酶制剂、过瘤胃氨基酸、单宁酸等添加剂的功能性复合营养舔砖,分析对其生产性能及经济效益的影响。选择西门塔尔杂种牛80头,按体重随机分成2个处理组,每组40头,对照组使用常规日粮,试验组在常规日粮的基础上补饲功能性复合营养舔砖,自由舔食,预饲期15d,正试期90d。结果表明:1）试验观察 ：适口性较好,试验初始,大部分牛啃食,采食一段时间后舔砖采食量相对恒定,同时表明营养舔砖具有一定的营养调节功能,试验育肥肉牛毛色、精神状态均比对照组牛群有所改善;2）只均日增重 ：试验组高于对照组10.78%（P＜0.05）;3）料肉比 ：试验组低于对照组10.63%（P＜0.05）;4）只均毛利润：试验组高于对照组26.54%。     

母鼠孕期和哺乳期连续染毒双酚A对子代雄鼠睾丸发育的影响

旨在探究双酚A (BPA)对子代雄鼠睾丸发育的影响。本研究将8周龄体重18～22 g的SPF级母鼠随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只,A组每天给予普通蒸馏水,B组每天饮水给予0.05 mg·kg^-1 BPA,C组每天饮水给予0.5 mg·kg^-1 BPA组,D组每天饮水给予5 mg·kg^-1 BPA,E组每天饮水给予10 mg·kg^-1 BPA,F组每天饮水给予20 mg·kg^-1 BPA,G组每天饮水给予50 mg·kg^-1 BPA。F0代母鼠自怀孕起直至F1代子鼠断奶止饮水染毒BPA,F1代雄鼠于断奶(21日龄)处死。ELISA结果显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量5 mg·kg^-1以上时,子代血清和睾丸组织BPA含量显著增加(P<0.05)。睾丸器官指数测定结果证明,染毒BPA剂量大于等于20 mg·kg^-1可导致子代雄鼠睾丸指数显著增大(P<0.05)。H&E染色显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量大于等于10 mg·kg^-1可导致睾丸生精小管萎缩,小管间隙变大。彗星试验结果证明,染毒BPA大于等于5 mg·kg^-1可使子代睾丸细胞核DNA损伤显著上升(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量大于等于20 mg·kg^-1时子代睾丸雄激素受体(AR)表达量显著减少(P<0.05)。转录组测序结果显示,母鼠染毒50 mg·kg^-1BPA后子代雄鼠睾丸剪切体代谢通路U5 snRNA亚基编码基因Snrnp40上调,剪切体通用蛋白组件编码基因Hnrnpu下调,导致mRNA转录后修饰第一步受阻,荧光定量PCR结果与转录组测序结果一致,证实了转录组结果。结果表明,母鼠暴露于低剂量BPA可以引起子代睾丸发育异常,其分子机制可能与剪切体进行mRNA转录后修饰第一步反应受阻有关。     

筛选猪瘟抗体阴性猪检测方法的比较

评价ELISA法用于筛选猪瘟抗体阴性猪的可行性,分别采用两种商品化猪瘟抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测了61份猪血清样品,并与兔体中和试验方法进行了比较。兔体中和试验法检测出4份阳性、2份可疑、55份阴性,而两种ELISA试剂盒均检测出6份阳性、55份阴性;两种ELISA方法与兔体中和试验检测结果阴性符合率均为100%（55/55）。结果表明,ELISA法更加敏感,可以替代兔体中和试验方法用于筛选猪瘟抗体阴性猪。     

饲料突然变换对配套系生猪肥育性能影响的研究

选择配套系生猪为研究对象,研究饲料突然变换对配套系生猪育肥性能的影响。虽然配套系生猪的生长速度快、饲料利用率高、瘦肉率高、饲养时间短,但其适应能力、耐粗饲能力、抗应激能力却很差,因此,必须在科学的饲养管理条件下才能取得良好的饲养效果。否则易发生PSS(应激综合征)、PSE(肉色苍白/蛋白质松软无弹性、切面渗水的劣质肉),给养殖户造成重大损失。     

过瘤胃保护胆碱在反刍动物生产上的应用

过瘤胃保护胆碱(RPC),可直接添加到日粮中供饲反刍动物,不受瘤胃微生物降解。许多研究证明,RPC能提高反刍动物的生产性能改善其血液、肝脏代谢。本文简要介绍了过瘤胃保护胆碱对反刍动物的影响及作用机理,并对有待于继续研究的问题进行了探讨。     

两个海大香肉鸡品系屠宰性能与肉质性状的比较

以在相同条件下饲养的72日龄海大香Ⅱ号鸡、海大香特Ⅱ号鸡为研究对象,测定其屠宰性能及部分肉质指标.结果表明:两品系产肉性能均良好,Ⅱ号鸡和特Ⅱ号鸡的屠宰率平均为90.99%及89.72%,全净膛率平均为69.90%及67.78%;无论在两品系间还是性别间,肌间脂宽、皮下脂厚、腹脂率以及胸腿肌含脂率等各项脂肪指标皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);特Ⅱ号鸡(慢速生长)的脂肪沉积能力要比Ⅱ号鸡(中速生长)高;两品系的胸腿肌肉含脂率均表现为母鸡比公鸡高的趋势;无论在两品系间还是性别间,胸腿肌失水率及蒸煮损失率皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);同一样本中,胸肌失水率大于腿肌,腿肌的蒸煮损失率大于胸肌.     

Reproductive Disorders of Crossbred Dairy Cows in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia and Their Effect on Reproductive Performance

The study was conducted to estimate the proportion of reproductive disorders and to determine factors affecting reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under four different production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The principal postpartum reproductive disorders were retained fetal membranes (14.7%) and uterine infection (15.5%). Anoestrus was the major postpartum reproductive problem in the mixed crop–livestock production system (38.6%) and was significantly associated with this production system. Apart from anoestrus, the occurrence of reproductive disorders was not significantly associated with a production system. Most of the reproductive disorders occurred as a complex rather than as a single abnormality. Two or more abnormal conditions were seen in 11.4% of the cases. Each reproductive trait measured was affected adversely by reproductive disorders. Cows with reproductive disorders in each production system, lactation group and suckling and non-suckling group had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception (p < 0.001) and required more services per conception (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate and conception to first service were 84.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for cows without reproductive health problems; and 64.2% and 15.1%, respectively, for cows with reproductive disorders (p < 0.001). Overall, intervals from calving to first service were shorter (p < 0.05) than in younger cows. Intervals from calving to first service and to conception were longer in suckling than in non-suckling cows (p > 0.05). Cows with a good body condition score (>3.5) at calving had shorter calving to first service and conception intervals than cows in poor condition (p < 0.001). The results showed that reproductive abnormalities, coupled with poor body condition, are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. An appropriate reproductive health management, a reliable artificial insemination service and supplementary feeding could be the management options to reduce or alleviate some of the problems.     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

菊苣酸对围产期放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究菊苣酸对放牧牦牛围产期生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选择体况良好、体重接近(195～205kg)的围产期牦牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草,试验组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草+0.15kg/d菊苣酸。试验期60d(从产前30d到产后30d),于产前第15天、产前第7天、分娩当天、产后第7天、产后第15天采集血液,进行相应指标的测定。结果显示:在产后第15天,试验组牦牛血清尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天和产后第7天,试验组牦牛血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天,试验组牦牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加菊苣酸能有效缓解围产期放牧牦牛氧化应激状态,提高其抗氧化能力。     

Using the Idexx SediVue Dx to predict the need for urine bacteriologic culture in cats

We analyzed urine samples from 191 cats for bacteriuria with an automated urine sediment analyzer (Idexx SediVue Dx), combined with image review by an observer, and compared to bacteriologic culture results. Sixty-nine samples were unambiguously assigned to be free of bacteria by the instrument and the observer, and no bacterial growth was detected. Twenty-seven samples were unambiguously assigned to have bacteriuria; 24 of these 27 samples were culture-positive. For these samples, bacteriuria was predicted with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. A clear assignment was not possible for 95 samples, 81 of which were culture-negative. Specificity dropped to 45% when all samples were considered. Using the automated leukocyte count to predict bacteriuria, sensitivity was 82% and specificity was 75%. Automated sediment analysis is faster and less observer-dependent than sediment analysis under a microscope, but accurate detection of bacteriuria remains difficult in a large proportion of samples. Bacteriuria was significantly associated with leukocyte count; the leukocyte count was >5/high power field in 82% of culture-positive samples.