压片式微喷带单孔水量分布特性试验研究

试验研究了不同工作压力(0.1MPa和0.15 MPa)、不同喷射角度(43°、65°和79°)和不同喷孔直径(0.5、0.6和0.7mm)对压片式微喷带水量分布的影响。试验结果表明,干燥区宽度、湿润区长度和湿润区面积主要受喷射角度影响,均随喷射角度的增大而减小;湿润区宽度相对稳定,但在0.15MPa下,随着喷孔直径的增大有明显的增加趋势;平均灌水强度随着喷射角度、喷孔直径和工作压力的增大均有增加趋势,其中喷射角度影响最为明显。     

基于最小外接矩形的牛角椒大小分级研究

为实现用机器取代人工对牛角椒进行大小分级,针对牛角椒的外形近似弧的特点,设计一个基于图像处理的牛角椒大小分选系统。研究选取100个某一品种的牛角椒,首先对牛角椒进行拍摄,然后将拍摄的图像进行图像预处理,提取辣椒边缘,并去除辣椒柄,最后对去柄后的边缘通过最小外接矩形的方法得到矩形的4个顶点坐标,再选取1个牛角椒中点,计算出牛角椒的弧形长度。将牛角椒的系统检测大小与实际大小进行比较,系统检测的辣椒分级正确率为95%,研究结果为牛角椒大小自动分级提供了参考。     

沈阳市天然降雨雨滴特征研究

采用滤纸色斑法对沈阳市天然降雨雨滴进行观测,通过计算并运用回归分析对沈阳地区天然降雨雨滴特性进行研究。结果表明:沈阳地区天然降雨雨滴的大小分布遵守Best函数分布式;雨滴中数直径及降雨动能同降雨强度关系显著,呈幂函数关系。     

Calculating the contact area of trailer tyres in the field

The spectacular increase in the weight of self-propelled harvesters since the early 1980s also applies to trailed implements such as slurry spreaders, compost spreaders, cutter-blowers and general farm trailers. With axle loads exceeding 10 tonnes/axle (tandem 20 tonnes, tridem 27 tonnes), risks of severe compaction can now be expected, not only in field crops but also in grassland. Calculation tables for accurately evaluating contact surfaces of transport tyre, given their properties, load and inflation pressure, are insufficient at the present time. Equations for traction tyres are not suitable for trailer tyres.To overcome this deficiency, contact areas in the field were recorded on 19 sites, from soft to hard surfaces, using 24 different trailer tyres, with varying loads and inflation pressures. The regression calculations for evaluating the contact area apply to a total of 143 measurements.The dimensions of the tyre (width × unladen diameter), the load on the wheel and the inflation pressure are all highly significant variables for evaluation of the soil contact area. Considering the average residual standard deviation for each regression calculation, the best approximations are achieved by taking into account the tyre structure (cross-ply and radial), the width of tyre for cross-ply tyres and the type of tyre, in the case of a radial tyres (low profile or terra profile).Moreover, contrary to expectations, observations show that with low levels of load, reducing inflation pressure can also reduce the contact area.As regards soil hardness, observations show that there is no direct link between a hard soil and a reduced contact area; this relationship does not appear to be linear. The calculations are considered to be reliable on semi-firm to firm soil, frequently found on temporary grassland or natural grassland (penetration resistance 6.5–25.0 MPa).     

河南剌槐根径立木材积表编制的研究

利用河南山区、平原６２个县（市、区）收集的１１５４株刺槐样木,编制出了河南刺槐根径二元、一元立木材积表。用回归方法筛选出了刺槐根径与胸径关系的最佳数学模型（Ｄ１．３＝ａ０＋ａ１Ｄｒ＋ａ２Ｄ２ｒ）。并根据模型提出由立木积材表导算根径立木材积表的方法。     

格氏栲天然林主要种群直径分布结构特征

应用 5种概率分布律对格氏栲林 8个主要树木种群的直径结构进行拟合 ,比较不同类型的拟合效果 ,探索各种群直径分布结构特征 .结果表明 ,β分布函数较好表达格氏栲林主要树木种群的直径分布结构 ,拟合效果最好 ,正态分布函数次之 ;不同群落类型的格氏栲种群直径分布均符合β分布 ,偏度大部分呈正偏 ,峰度均为负 ,表明优势种格氏栲种群直径分布范围较大、中径材占多数 .同时格氏栲种群直径 β分布参数与林分平均胸径等特征因子存在显著关系 .其研究对格氏栲林的合理经营及森林调查 ,均具有重要意义     

均匀分布法预估未来直径分布改正因子计算公式的研究

本文分析了均匀分布和非均匀分布的进级株数的情形，并利用作图法推导出均匀分布法预估未来直径分布改正因子的计算公式。     

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.     

冰冻雪压对杉木人工林近成熟林分危害调查

以受冰冻雪灾较为严莺的江西省大岗山林区杉木近成熟林分为研究对象,探讨杉木林分结构和立地条件与杉木受损类型及灾害发生程度的关系,得到几点主要结论:1)冰冻雪压造成大岗山林区杉木受害株数比例达66.84%,受灾相当严重,杉木林分受害类型可分为弯梢、断梢、斜干、断干、倒地及翻蔸等6种,其中断干和断梢为最主要的2种受害类型.2)杉木林分结构对冰冻雪压危害具有明显的调节作用,灾害主要发生于径阶相对较小的林木,林分内径阶越大的林木其受害程度明显越轻;林分密度与受害强度具极显著正相关,密度越高,林分受损株数愈多,且密度主要影响断干、翻蔸这2种不可逆的受损类型,合理的密度调控至关重要.3)杉木林分的立地条件与受害程度紧密相关,高海拔、高坡位、陡坡处的林分更易受到冰冻雪压的危害,较高的立地指数有利于杉木在遭受冰冻雪压灾害时减轻损失.     

长白山林区天然阔叶林培育大径木高产林分的结构分析

采用省级固定样地和伐区调查设计中小班全林每木样地相结合的方法，以天然阔斗林高产大径木林分结构为载体，详细分析了影响该林分结构的三个主要因子：林木最大保留直径（LDT），相邻径级立木株数之比（q）和林分保留断面积（RBA）。分析结果表明，培育大径木的林分结构条件是；LDT不超过54cm，q的取值范围为1．2～1．6，RBA不超过30m^2。