数码照相法估算植被盖度

植被盖度是表征生态系统特征的重要参数之一,其准确测度对于分析土壤侵蚀强度、生态环境现状具有重要意义。该文选择黄土高原退耕还林还草区野外测量的25个典型样方, 探讨了数码照相法估算植被盖度的模型和方法,提出了中心投影引起的边缘畸变问题和植被信息识别问题的有效解决方案。前者采用控制点几何校正的方法解决,后者基于目视判读、统计汇总红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)三基色的DN（digital number）值分布规律,采用编程方式解决。研究结果表明,植被信息的三基色组成分别符合DNGDNRDN B、DNGDNBDNR和DNBDNRDNG 3种规律,非植被信息的三基色构成遵循DNRDNGDNB的规律,且采用上述规律,编程得到草地样方的植被盖度精度较高。可见,该文提出的估算植被盖度的数码照相法可移植到数码相机中,具有明显的应用价值。      

EFFECT OF REGION OF INTEREST SELECTION AND UPTAKE MEASUREMENT ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE MEASURED BY 99mTc-DTPA SCINTIGRAPHY IN DOGS

Determinations of different methods of measurement of uptake of 99mTc-DTPA using scintigraphy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were made from 29 studies on 10 healthy beagle dogs. GFR was measured by calculating the percentage dose uptake (integral method) and rate of uptake (slope method) of 99mTc-DTPA using manual kidney regions of interest (ROI) and automatic kidney and background ROIs at different time periods of the uptake phase. These results were compared using linear regression analysis to the GFR obtained from 99mTc-DTPA plasma clearance using multiple blood samples. The best correlation coefficient between percentage DTPA uptake and GFR by DTPA clearance (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) was derived from time intervals between 30s-120s with a perirenal background ROI at 1 or 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic kidney ROI at 20% threshold. With the slope method, the best correlation coefficient (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) was obtained from time intervals between 30s-peak with the background ROI at 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic ROI at 35% threshold. The offset was higher, and the correlation varied more with different ROIs and the method was unreliable at time intervals extending beyond the peak radioactivity. Manual kidney ROIs with automatic background ROIs had slightly lower correlations. With DTPA renography both integral and slope uptake method with automatic kidney and background ROIs are accurate methods to estimate the GFR, but that the integral method is much more stable to variations in ROI size and the duration of the uptake phase of the renogram.     

氮缺乏与过剩症对烟草的影响

简述了氮对烟草的营养作用，氮缺乏与过剩症对烟草的影响以及防治对策，介绍了在田间就地操作的简便，快速氮素分析法。     

水轮机PLC调速器测频环节的新实现

在分析水轮发电机测频现状的基础上，讨论了基于高速计数模块（ＶＨＳＣ）的新型测频环节，并与常规测频环节进行了比较，得出新型测领环节较前者优越的结论。     

喷涂聚脲施工技术应用研究

聚脲防水技术是近年来,国外为适应环保需求而研制、开发的一种新型无溶剂、无污染的绿色施工技术,是结构防水技术的最新发展,以环保、耐各种化学腐蚀、高强、耐磨、柔韧性、热稳定性能好、与混凝土附着力强等优越性能在国际上受到推崇和使用。介绍聚脲防水技术的性能特点,研究聚脲防水涂料在京沪高速铁路徐沪段桥面防水的应用,以及出现的一些问题和解决方法。     

泰安城市高速发展背景下地下水环境退化研究

20世纪80年代以后,中国城市进入快速发展时期,地下水资源处于长期大量开采的境况.泰安市城市供水量的60%源于地下水,随着泰安市的高速发展,地下水环境演化呈现逐年退化的态势,主要表现为地下水动力场退化,地下水质污染和地质灾害负环境效应三个方面.研究表明,泰安城市高速发展的各项指标与地下水环境退化的各项指标之间具有显著的线性相关性,二者的拟合曲线和拟合函数也表明城市高速发展对地下水环境退化起着明显的驱动作用.     

基于RGB-D SLAM手机的森林样地调查系统研究

基于RGB-D SLAM手机构建了森林样地调查系统,该系统实现了样地构建、每木检尺及林分/样地参数的估计功能,并在测量过程中使用增强现实展示测量结果,且提供了重新测量的交互方式,使观测者在观测过程中能够检测结果的可靠性,并保证所获取样地信息的完整性。该系统在18块半径为7. 5 m的圆形样地中进行了测试。结果显示,平均胸径估计值的偏差(BIAS)及均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0. 36、0. 69 cm,平均树高估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为0. 06、0. 63 m,蓄积量估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为8. 595 9、25. 735 8 m3/hm2,横断面积估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为0. 949 7、1. 987 3 m2/hm2,株树密度估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为-3、13株/hm2,坡度估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为0. 30°、0. 88°,坡向估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为-0. 44°、7. 61°。其中,坡向估计具有较大的RMSE,是由于当坡度较小时,即使SLAM系统估计位姿有较小漂移,仍会导致该值产生较大偏差,但整体而言坡向仍是无偏的。     

小麦播种机高速开沟阻力的动态建模与仿真

小麦播种机开沟器作为核心触土部件,阻力大、能耗高,是制约播种机作业速度及高速播种作业质量提升的关键所在。为此,选择无侧翼且宽度较窄的鸭嘴式开沟器,通过对小麦播种机高速开沟作业过程中的阻力来源及与土壤的相对运动过程进行分析,建立了开沟器—土壤动力学阻力模型。利用Abaqus软件建立土壤-开沟器三维动态有限元模型,以开沟器工作阻力为试验指标,在作业速度为8~12km/h范围内进行正交仿真试验,并将试验结果与阻力模型理论值进行对比分析。结果表明:仿真结果与理论值误差在允许范围内,且两者变化趋势基本相同,验证了模型的可靠性,为后面高速播种机开沟器的参数优化设计和实践提供支持。     

Comparison of four methods for estimating leaf area index based on terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning

The leaf area index (LAI) of 16 sample plots was estimated based on terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning. The point-cloud data of stand canopy were first scaled and projected onto a hemisphere according to Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection or stereographic projection, and the resulting hemispherical point-cloud images were used to extract the canopy porosity coefficients. Then, single-angle inversion and Miller formula inversion methods were used, respectively, to calculate the effective leaf area indices with canopy porosity coefficients. Results showed that the effective LAIs estimated by single-angle inversion method with Lambert projection and stereographic projection were within the range of 2.14~5.36 and 1.83~4.67, respectively. The effective LAIs obtained by Miller formula inversion method with Lambert projection and stereographic projection were within the range of 1.84~4.67 and 1.68~4.34, respectively. As a comparison, the LAI measured with a fish-eye camera ranged from 1.55 to 3.87. The LAI values estimated with four different calculation methods were linearly correlated with those measured by a fish-eye camera. The highest coefficient of determination (R²) 90.28% was obtained by the Miller formula inversion method combined with stereographic projection, and Duncan’s new multiple range test also further showed that this method had a relatively higher precision compared to other three methods.     

高速铁路占用林地对环境和林业影响分析

本文分析了新建京张铁路在使用林地过程中对项目区环境和林业建设的各种影响,并提出相应对策和建议。