Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响

本试验通过研究中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响,筛选出其最佳添加剂量,为进一步开发抗高温应激中药饲料添加剂提供参考.选用288只三黄鸡,公、母各半.育雏2周后,随机分为8组,在日粮中添加中药、中药-甜菜碱或甜菜碱,分别测定33～35日龄、56～58日龄及88～90日龄鸡的钙、磷代谢率,蛋白质、能量代谢率,以及在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重.结果显示,与高温对照组相比,(1)在33～35日龄段,添加中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量、体增重;(2)在56～58日龄段,添加中药组、中药-甜菜碱组及甜菜碱组均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重以及公鸡的能量利用率;(3)在88～90日龄段,中药、中药-甜菜碱和甜菜碱均能显著提高高温环境中公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量,公鸡的能量利用率和体增重.中药-甜菜碱复方抗三黄鸡热应激的最佳添加量为0.8%中药 0.2%甜菜碱.     

高强度聚乙烯拖网网具性能的研究

对４顶单船中层拖网和双船底拖网的前部以高强度聚乙烯网线替代常规聚乙烯网线,依田内渔具模型试验准则制成模型网,进行水池对比试验。结果表明,在其它条件不变的前提下,应用高强度聚乙烯网线的拖网与原生产网相比,在２．５～４．５ｋｎ拖速下,网具阻力可平均下降６．５％～１６．２％,网口垂直扩张可提高０．９％～２５．７％,能耗系数下降１４．５％～３３．５％。     

浒苔中MnSOD和CAT基因克隆和表达分析

实验以大型绿藻浒苔为材料,克隆了其抗氧化系统关键酶锰超氧化物歧化酶(manganese superoxide dismutase,Mn SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)基因的部分片段,利用荧光定量PCR技术研究了Mn SOD和CAT对温度和水杨酸作用的响应规律。结果获得浒苔318 bp的Mn SOD基因,该Mn SOD推测的氨基酸序列与裂片石莼Mn SOD相似性最高为89%;获得了229 bp的CAT基因,该浒苔CAT编码氨基酸序列与裂片石莼和雨生红球藻CAT序列相似性分别为99%和93%。在利用M n SOD和CAT氨基酸序列构建的系统树中,浒苔均先与裂片石莼聚类,再与其他绿藻聚在一起。不同温度对浒苔Mn SOD和CAT基因表达影响表明,35℃高温培养对浒苔Mn SOD和CAT基因表达影响最显著,其表达量分别为25℃培养的2.18倍和2.05倍;5℃低温培养次之;而15℃与25℃培养对M n SOD和CAT基因表达影响差异不显著(P0.05)。在高温35℃下,添加0.1 mmol/L水杨酸后Mn SOD和CAT基因表达量分别为各自对照的2.08倍和5.30倍,而0.01 mmol/L水杨酸添加后基因表达与对照差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,Mn SOD和CAT基因表达的增强不仅是浒苔对高温胁迫的响应,而且也是水杨酸缓解高温对浒苔不利影响的方式之一。     

公海深海底层渔业国际管理进展

以底拖网为代表的深海底层渔业对深海脆弱海洋生态系统的危害受到国际社会的热切关注。2003年以来联合国大会多次通过决议,呼吁各国各自并通过RFMO/As采取行动,根据预防性原则,采用基于生态系统的管理方法,评估深海底层渔业对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响,若评估表明确有重大不利影响,则应采取有效措施限制深海底层渔业以降低这种影响;FAO主要从技术角度制定了《公海深海渔业管理国际指南》,为管理公海深海渔业和保护脆弱海洋生态系统提出了技术标准和管理框架;RFMO承担着具体执行深海底层渔业管理措施和监督管理的责任,在北大西洋、地中海、南太平洋的公海和南极水域,相关RFMO已采取了暂停部分区域底拖网渔业活动、收集数据、评估底拖网对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响等措施,在北太平洋,新成立的北太平洋渔业管理委员会将公海底层渔业管理作为首要目标。环保非政府组织和部分科学家呼吁禁止公海深海底层渔业,但各国对此的立场尚不一致,产业界大多持反对立场。近期来看,尚难以全面禁止公海的深海底层渔业。中国正在发展公海大洋渔业,需对此密切关注,加强跟踪研究以支撑决策,并应发展和使用选择性渔具和对生态环境无害的作业方式,防止对脆弱海洋生态系统产生损害性影响。     

盐碱胁迫下青海湖裸鲤鳃基因表达差异

采用抑制消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术,研究了青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocyprisprzewalskii)在高盐碱胁迫下转录水平上的基因表达差异,实验获得差异表达序列91条,其中成功注释60条。以同是鲤科鱼类的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的基因ID作为参照,用DAVID软件对这些序列进行功能分类,结果从正向文库获得28条功能基因片段,反向文库获得14条。按功能将其分为10类,其中,催化活性、细胞、部分结合相关基因表达上调,结合、免疫相关基因表达下调。分析发现,高盐碱胁迫会改变鱼类的渗透压和酸碱平衡,对免疫系统产生一定的抑制作用,对此,鱼类通过增强离子调控、提高血清尿素氮浓度、合成应激蛋白等,来维持渗透压和酸碱平衡,缓解应激反应。     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

参虾池塘高效混养技术

7-9月刺参夏眠期间正是日本对虾快速生长的季节,在对虾池中人工造礁,第1年4月放入规格为80～120头/ kg的海参苗1740 kg,每年7月放入体长0.7～1.0 cm的日本对虾虾苗1.2×105尾,将刺参与日本对虾混养.在养殖过程中,刺参不投喂,只用卤虫、人工饲料、杂色蛤和四角蛤蜊投喂日本对虾,严格控制养殖池内的杂鱼虾,保持水质新鲜,可提高日本对虾和刺参的成活率,利用两者饵料和空间互补性,可显著提高虾池的利用率和经济效益.     

鸡粪高效降解微生物菌剂富集培养新法

以新鲜鸡粪为主要培养基,自然腐熟鸡粪(处理1),菌剂腐熟鸡粪和土壤(处理2),菌剂腐熟鸡粪(处理3)为富集样品连续5批堆肥驯化培养,使微生物菌群经历不同的生长环境,达到优胜劣汰的效果。处理1在5批富集培养中较处理2和处理3有较好的堆肥效果,说明其中有降解性能好的优势菌群,将其筛选出扩大培养,再回接到新鲜鸡粪中,将会快速、有效地降解新鲜鸡粪,达到良好的堆肥效果。     

The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals

• 1. In February 2002, France, Italy and Monaco agreed to establish an international sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals. The resulting Pelagos Sanctuary encompasses over 87500 km² of the north‐western Mediterranean Sea, extending between south‐eastern France, Monaco, north‐western Italy and northern Sardinia, and surrounding Corsica and the Tuscan Archipelago.
• 2. The Pelagos Sanctuary illustrates how the tenets of Marine Protected Area (MPA) design can be reconciled with the dynamic nature of oceanic systems, because its spatial scale was defined by oceanographic and ecological considerations, specifically the location of the Ligurian permanent frontal system.
• 3. By expanding protective measures beyond national waters, the Pelagos Sanctuary also sets a precedent for the implementation of pelagic protected areas in the high seas. The Pelagos Sanctuary will contribute to the conservation of the Mediterranean Sea at two scales: (i) locally, by protecting important cetacean foraging and breeding grounds in the Ligurian Sea, and by providing ‘umbrella’ protection to other marine predators in this area; and (ii) regionally, by empowering other conservation measures, such as the Specially Protected Areas Protocol of the Barcelona Convention and the wider goals of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black and Mediterranean Seas (ACCOBAMS).
• 4. However, because few cetacean species are resident within the Sanctuary, their effective long‐term conservation will require large‐scale management and coordinated monitoring throughout the Mediterranean basin.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.